chapter 3 vocab Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phonology
The study of distribution of sounds are produced, what their physical properties are, and how they are interpreted.
Phonatic Constraints
Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds.
Sound Substitution
Sounds that exist in a language when pronouncing the words of a foreign language.
Vowel Harmony
A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word.
Manner Dissimilation
A stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop.
Insertion
Phonological rules of insertion cause a segment not present at the phonemic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word.
Voiceless stop Insertion
Between a nasal consonant and a voiceless fricative, a voiceless stop with the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted.
Contrastive Distribution
Simply a casein which the two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment, and using one rather than the other.
Minimal Pair
Defined as a pair of words whose pronunciations differ by exactly one sound and that have different meanings.
Alternation
A difference between two phonetic forms that you might otherwise expect to be related.
Complementary Distribution
Considered to be allophones of the same phoneme.
Overlapping Distribution
Can occur in the same environment, sounds are in free variation.
Phonological Rules
The mapping between phonemic and phonetic elements.
Underlying Form
To the actual phonetic form of a word by means of phonological rules.
Assimilation
Rules of assimilation cause a sound to become more like a neighboring sound with respect to some phonetic property.
Nasal Place Assimilation
An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant.
CV Metathesis
When three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonant trades places with the preceding vowel.
Aspiration
Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable.
Weakening
Cause sounds to become weaker.
Flapping
An alveolar stop is realized as when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.
Voicing Assimilation
Takes on the voicing specification of the preceding sounds.
Range of Distribution
The range of a set of data is the difference between the largest and smallest values
Palatalization
Refers to a special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal.
Dissimilation
Two close or adjacent sounds to become less similar with respect to some property, by means of a change in one or both sounds.
