Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards Preview

BIOL 2020: Cell Biology > Chapter 3 Vocab > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 3 Vocab Deck (26)
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1
Q

the energy input required to initiate a chemical reaction

A

activation energy

2
Q

process by which the chemical energy of organic molecules released in a series of metabolic steps to produce ATP

A

respiration

3
Q

the respiratory activated carrier

A

NADH

4
Q

adenosine diphosphate; adenosine with two phosphate groups

A

ADP

5
Q

a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without changes itself

A

catalyst

6
Q

the gain of electrons by an atom or molecule (complete or partial)

A

reduction

7
Q

the process bye hick plant cells use light energy to produce sugars

A

photosynthesis

8
Q

the loss of electrons from an atom or molecule (complete or partial)

A

oxidation

9
Q

the photosynthesis activated carrier

A

NADPH

10
Q

small organic molecules that carry energy for a short period of time

A

activated carrier

11
Q

energy that can be extracted from a system to do work

A

free energy

12
Q

using the energy given off by one reaction to drive another

A

coupled reaction

13
Q

the same of all chemical reactions (energy exchanges) in cells

A

metabolism

14
Q

small water-soluble molecule that carries acetyl groups in cells

A

acetyl CoA

15
Q

the breaking of a covalent bond by the addition of water

A

hydrolysis

16
Q

the amount of disorder in a system

A

entropy

17
Q

adenosine triphosphate; a common molecule in which energy is stored in living systems

A

ATP

18
Q

the spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

diffusion

19
Q

a reaction (or process) taking place at the same forward and reverse reaction rates

A

equilibrium

20
Q

the substance which an enzyme binds to and acts upon

A

substrate

21
Q

the change in free energy during a chemical reaction n

A

Delta G

22
Q

a number that denotes the ratio of the forward and reverse rate constants of a reaction

A

equilibrium constant

23
Q

the formation of a new covalent bond by removal of water

A

condensation/dehydration

24
Q

the maximum rate of an enzymatic reaction

A

Vmax

25
Q

molecules (usually proteins) that act as catalysis in biochemical reactions

A

enzyme

26
Q

the concentration of substance at which an enzyme works at half its maximum rate

A

Km