Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

The sixteenth president of the United States, serving from March 4 1861-March 3 1865 ; 2 terms but was assassinated soon after he started his first term

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

the first African American to be elected to the presidency, and was re-elected in 2012 for a second term. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Answer 4

Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply t the actions of states. This decision limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone

Question 5

Bill of attainder

Answer 5

law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

Question 6

Block grant

Answer 6

large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

the 30th President of the United States (1923-1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength.

Question 8

Categorical grants

Answer 8

grant that appropriates federal funds to states for a specific purpose

Question 9

Civil war

Answer 9

The period of warfare between the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) and the United States over the issues of states’ rights and slavery.

Question 10

Charter

Answer 10

document that like a constitution specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institution of local government; for local governments must be approved by state legislature

Question 11

Concurrent powers

Answer 11

powers shared by the national and state government

Question 12

Confederate States of America

Answer 12

a group of eleven southern states that seceded from the United States of America in 1860 and 1861.

Question 13

Confederation

Answer 13

type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states

Question 14

Cooperative federalism

Answer 14

interwind relationship between the national, state, and local government that began with the New Deal, often referred to as marble-cake federalism

Question 15

Counties

Answer 15

largest territorial unit between a city and a town

Question 16

Democracy

Answer 16

Government by the people, both directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections.

Question 17

Dillion Rule

Answer 17

a legal principle that holds the terms of city charters are to be interpreted narrowly. Under this rule a municipal corporation can exercise only those powers expressively given it or those powers necessarily implied by , or essential to the accomplishment of, these stated powers

Question 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 18

1857 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that black slaves were not citizens of the United States, therefore, slaves cannot claim any rights or privileges granted to white citizens because they’re not official “citizens of the state.

Question 19

Dual Federalism

Answer 19

belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism

Question 20

Enumerated powers

Answer 20

17 specific powers granted to Congress under article 1, sec 8 - these powers include: coinage of money, regulate commerce, and provide a national defense

Question 21

Ex post facto law

Answer 21

one which makes a particular act illegal, and punishes people who committed that crime before the law was passed

Question 22

Extradition clause

Answer 22

an accused person who flees to another state must be returned to the state in which he/she allegedly committed the crime. Free Exercise Clause (1st Amendment)

Question 23

Federal system

Answer 23

which sovereignty is shared so that on some matters the national government is supreme and on other state, regional, or provincial governments are supreme.

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 24

often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.

Question 25

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 25

(Article IV, Section I) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgements rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid.

Question 26

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 26

1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. In deciding this case, Chief Justice John Marshall and his colleagues held that Congress had certain implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the Constitution.

Question 27

Great Society

Answer 27

program, intended to eradicate poverty within ten years. Encouraged a variety of local community programs to educate and train people for employment. A government backed guarantee against loss by individuals without regard to need.

Question 28

Herbert hoover

Answer 28

31st president of the United States. He served one term, from 1929 to 1933. … After the 1929 stock market crash, the Hoover administration attempted to mitigate the negative effects of the Great Depression but was unable to significantly improve the economy.

Question 29

implied powers

Answer 29

powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution, in accordance with the statement in the Constitution that Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article I.

Question 30

interstate compacts

Answer 30

An agreement among two or more states. The Constitution requires that most such agreements be approved by Congress.

Question 31

Iroquois confederacy

Answer 31

Indian tribes across upper New York state that during the 17th and 18th centuries played a strategic role in the struggle between the French

Question 32

John C. Calhoun

Answer 32

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state’s rights, limited government, and nullification

Question 33

John Marshall

Answer 33

created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court

Question 34

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 34

Lyndon Baines Johnson, often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

Question 35

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 35

an 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments; the Court, led by John Marshall, held that Congress had certain implied powers in addition to the powers enumerated in the Constitution

Question 36

monarchy

Answer 36

A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all.

Question 37

municipalities

Answer 37

a government with general responsibilities, such as a city, town, or village government, that is created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas

Question 38

new deal

Answer 38

President Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the national government in U.S. social and economic life.

Question 39

new federalism

Answer 39

system in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states

Question 40

nullification

Answer 40

the states’-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress

Question 41

oligarchy

Answer 41

A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives.

Question 42

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 42

a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents privlieges

Question 43

programmatic requests

Answer 43

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district

Question 44

progressive federalism

Answer 44

a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative

Question 45

Reconstruction

Answer 45

the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of state and society in the former Confederacy. In battles between the president and Congress, the president prevailed until the election of 1866, which enabled the Radical Republicans to take control of policy, remove from power the ex-Confederates, and enfranchise the Freedmen (freed slaves).

Question 46

Reserved powers

Answer 46

powers reserved to the states by the 10th Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

Question 47

Roger B. Taney

Answer 47

As chief justice, he wrote the important decision in the Dred Scott case, upholding police power of states and asserting the principle of social responsibility of private property. He was Southern and upheld the fugitive slave laws.

Question 48

Ronald Reagan

Answer 48

Ronald Wilson Reagan February 6, 1911 - June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

Question 49

Secession

Answer 49

A formal withdrawal from membership within an alliance. More Narrowly, a state’s withdrawal from the Union. The southern states claimed a right to withdrawal from the Union. Abraham Lincoln used his emergency power to prevent them from doing so.

Question 50

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 50

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures

Question 51

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 51

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax

Question 52

Special district

Answer 52

A local or regional government with responsibility for some single function such as administering schools, handling sewage, or managing airports

Question 53

Tenth Amendment

Answer 53

Powers not expressly given to federal government by the Constitution are reserved to states or the people

Question 54

Totalitarianism

Answer 54

A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all

Question 55

Unitary system

Answer 55

system of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government