Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phonology
The study of the abstract categories that organize the sound system of language. It comprises individual speech sounds as how speech sounds are grouped into larger units.
Spectogram
Graphic representation of frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.
Phone
Physical realization of a speech sound.
Allophones
Phones that function as alternant realizations of the same phoneme.
Narrow Transcription
Additional articulatory details to the transcription.
Distribution
The different positions in which a speech sound can occur or not occur in the words of a language and in which phonetic context it cannot occur.
Complimentary Distribution
Two sounds which are distributed in a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur.
Minimal Pairs
A pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning. (tip and hip)
Released Consonant
Plosive. The air gets built up and is released.
Unreleased Consonant
The air pressure is not released.
Free variation
Speakers can chose which allophone they use.
Final devoicing
Where a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position.
Non-rhotic
When sounds do not occur in final position. (r sounds)
Rhotic
When sounds do occur in final position.
Constituents
The elements that make up a syllable.
Syllabic Consonants
The consonants that occupy the central part of the syllable.
Nucleus
This can be filled with a vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant. Part of syllable.
Vowel epenthesis
The insertion of vowels into the consonants.
Syllabification
Assigning syllable structure to words.
Maximal onset principle
When as many consonants as possible end up in the onset.
Sonority
The category that captures the acoustic impression of clear audibility.
Sonority Sequencing Principle
The sounds preceding the nucleus must rise in sonority, and sounds following the nucleus must fall in sonority.
Onset
The part of the syllable that precedes the vowel of the syllable. (preceding the nucleus)
Coda
Post vocalic slot. Consonants following the nucleus.
