chapter 31

Question 1

plants rely o n3 types of sensory receptors

Answer 1

1. photoresptors
2. mechanical receptors
3. chemical

Question 2

tropism

Answer 2

Biological phenomenon indicating growth, bending, or turning of an organism in response to an external signal

Question 3

phototropism

Answer 3

movement in response to light

Question 4

movement in response to gravity

Answer 4

gravitropism

Question 5

movement in respond to the sun

Answer 5

heliotropism

Question 6

moment in response to temp

Answer 6

thermotropism

Question 7

movement in response to water

Answer 7

hydrotropism

Question 8

movement in response to chemicals

Answer 8

chemotropism

Question 9

movement in response to touch or contact

Answer 9

thigmotropism

Question 10

tip of plant covered =

Answer 10

no growth towards light

Question 11

only tip of plant exposed =

Answer 11

growth towards sun

Question 12

when tip is separated by mica=

Answer 12

no growth towards light

Question 13

when tip is separated by gelatin

Answer 13

growth towards light

Question 14

auxin redistributed to _____ side

Answer 14

shaded

Question 15

high auxin concentration _____rate of cell elongation in root

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

high auxin concentration triggers production of ______

Answer 16

ethylene

Question 17

roots bend away from light

Answer 17

negative respiration

Question 18

to germinate under shade of another plant is ______

Answer 18

maladaptive

Question 19

what is the mechanism for light detection

Answer 19

phytochrome

Question 20

what is phytochrome

Answer 20

a photoreceptor that switch back and forth between two stable forms depending on light exposure

Question 21

when root caps detect low water condition _____ is produced

Answer 21

aba

Question 22

_______ slows root elongation by influencing cellulose in celll wall, expanding in diameter rather than length

Question 23

mechanical perturbations

Answer 23

growth in response to touch or contact

Question 24

what does mechanical perturbation promote?

Answer 24

synthesis of ethylene which causes cells to expand in diameter and less in length

Question 25

photoperiodism

Answer 25

Is the effect of day length on flowering

Question 26

short-day plants flower only when length is less than _____value

Answer 26

critical

Question 27

long-day plants only flower when when ____ period exceeds a certain length

Answer 27

light

Question 28

day-neutral plants flower _____ of change in day length

Answer 28

independent

Question 29

plants should only flower when they are ____enough to support _____of many seeds and ensure that there is enough time for seeds to mature before ____

Answer 29

large, development, winter

Question 30

the protein ____is synthesized in ___and transported via ____to shoot apical meristem which convert to ____meristems

Answer 30

florigen, leaves, phloem, floral

Question 31

vernalization

Answer 31

is a prolonged period of exposure to cold temperatures - it is necessary for some plants to flower

Question 32

vernalization prevents ____plants from flowering during first ____ or _____plants from flowering during first autumn

Answer 32

long-day, summer, short-day

Question 33

physical and chemical deterrents (3)

Answer 33

- aerial surveillance - armed gaurds sticky traps

Question 34

plant pathogens

Answer 34

viruses bacteria protists fungi worms or other plants

Question 35

what do plant pathogens cause?

Answer 35

disease and death

Question 36

which location is the point of entry through viral and bacterial pathogens can infect plant tissues

Answer 36

open stomata

Question 37

epidermis is ____

Answer 37

line of defence

Question 38

parasitic plants and some fungi can _______ to weaken epidermal walls

Answer 38

secrete enzymes

Question 39

some bacteria and fungi _______to prevent stoma to close

Answer 39

secrete chemical

Question 40

fungi and bacteria secrete enzymes to ____ plant cells walls

Answer 40

degrade

Question 41

viruses move between cells via ______

Answer 41

plasmodesmata

Question 42

xylem and phloem also _____ pathogens

Answer 42

transport

Question 43

bacteria and fungi move through ______

Answer 43

xylem

Question 44

viruses and bacteria move through?

Answer 44

phloem

Question 45

biotrophic pathos obtain resources from?

Answer 45

living cells

Question 46

most biotrophic don't enter cells, but ____are biotrophic and enter cells to _____

Answer 46

virusis, reproduce

Question 47

necrotrophic pathogens ______before exploiting/colonizing

Answer 47

kill cells

Question 48

what do necrotrophic pathogens feed on

Answer 48

compounds that leak from dying or dead cells

Question 49

parasitic plants

Answer 49

penetrat stems or roots of other plants, tap into hosts plants vascular system

Question 50

facultative parasitic

Answer 50

if they can't find a host, they can survive on their own

Question 51

obligate parasitism

Answer 51

cannot survive on own and needs to find a host

Question 52

hemiparasitism able to photosynthesis on their own but need?

Answer 52

water and soil nutrients

Question 53

holoparasitism are not able to photosynthesis and need?

Answer 53

sugar, soil nutrients, water

Question 54

____overcome host defences and lead to ____

Answer 54

virulent pathogens, disease

Question 55

____damage only a small part of plant and the host contains the ___

Answer 55

avirulent pathogens, infection