Chapter 31 Flashcards
(18 cards)
acid-base balance
state of equilibrium between the acidity and the alkalinity of body fluids.
acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids.
alkalosis
excessive alkalinity of body fluids.
azotemia
nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood
body surface area method (BSA)
formula used to calculate dosages. Using a West nomogram, the child’s weight is marked on the right scale and the height is marked on the left scale. A straightedge is used to draw a line be-tween the two marks. The point at which the line crosses the column labeled SA (surface area) is the BSA expressed in square meters (m2).
body weight method
for calculating dosages uses the child’s weight as a basis for computing medication dosages.
electrolytes
chemical compounds (minerals) that breakdown into ions when placed in water.
extracellular fluid
fluid situated outside a cell or cells.
extravasation
escape of fluid into surrounding tissue.
homeostasis
uniform state; signifies biologically the dynamic equilibrium of the healthy organism.
induration
hardness
infiltration
fluid leaking into the surrounding tissues.
intermittent infusion date
a type of device that is used for administering medications by the intravenous route and can be left in place and used at intervals.
interstitial fluid
also called intracellular or tissue fluid;has a composition similar to plasma but contains almost no protein. This reservoir of fluid outside the body cells decreases or increases easily in response to disease.
intracellular fluid
fluid contained within the cell membranes; constitutes about two thirds of total body flu-ids.
intravascular fluid
fluid situated within the blood vessels or blood plasma.
total parenteral nutrition TPN
the administration of dextrose, lipids, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins,minerals, and trace elements into the circulatory system to meet the nutritional needs of the child whose needs cannot be met through the gastrointestinal tract.
west nomogram
graph with several scales arranged so that when two values are known, the third can be plotted by drawing a line with a straightedge; commonly used to calculate body surface area (BSA)
