Chapter 31 and 32: Urinary and Bowel Elimination Flashcards
(32 cards)
Intake measurements include…
All oral fluids and parenteral fluids
Output measurements include…
Urine, liquid stool, vomit, drainage from wound or operative site and drainage from nasogastric tube
How many mL difference should there be between input and output?
300 mL
How is input and output measured?
in mL
How many mL/oz?
30 mL = 1 oz
What are the expected characteristics of urine?
1) Volume: at least 30 mL/hr ; usually 1500 mL - 2000 mL in a day
2) Color: more dilute=light yellow, more concentrated = dark yellow
3) Clarity: Clear
4) Odor: more dilute=lighter smell, more concentrated= strong ammonia smell; diet affects smell also
abdominal contractions such as coughing and sneezing cause voiding because of weak muscles
Stress Incontinence
Patient feels the urge but cannot make it to the bathroom
Urge Incontinence
When the bladder reaches a certain amount it automatically voids itself
Reflex Incontinence
Patient is unable to feel the urge and get to the restroom
Total Incontinence
Patient can feel the urge but may have a mobility or psychological problem that prevents them from getting to the restroom
Functional Incontinence
Nursing interventions for incontinent patients…
Regulating fluid intake, Kegal exercises and schedule voiding
How do you take care of an incontinent patient?
Good skin care and prevention of skin breakdown are very important for incontinent patients , so gentle cleansing after each episode of incontinence is standard incontinence care
Specimen collected in a urinal, bedpan or hat directly into a specimen cup ; sterile urine is not required
Random
used when a specimen relatively free of microorganisms is required
Clean catch or Midstream specimen
required for accurate measurement of the kidney’s excretion of substances that the kidney does not excrete at the same rate throughout the day
24 Hour specimen
Used to collect sterile urine if patient is unable to void or already has a catheter in place
Specimen from a catheter
Removal of catheter…
1) delay in voiding for a few hours because the bladder is empty
2) need to save first voided urine for measurement
3) need to increase fluid intake
4) not uncommon to experience some dribbling of urine
painful urination
Dsyuria
formation and excessive amounts of urine
Polyuria
formation and excretion of decreased amounts of urine; urinary output of less than 500 mL in 24 hours
Oliguria
formation and excretion of less than 100 mL of urine in 24 hours
Anuria
subjective feeling of being unable to delay voiding voluntarily
Urgency
occurs when a person voids more often than normal without a significant increase in fluid intake. Also known as overactive bladder
Frequency
