Chapter 32: Diabetes Drugs

Question 1

can result in more severe GI effects that can result in weight loss

Answer 1

metformin

Question 2

insulin has greater absorption in the __________

Answer 2

abdomen

Question 3

can result in vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency

Answer 3

metformin

Question 4

glucagon is available in these two forms

Answer 4

IV, oral

Question 5

can cause lactic acidosis (hyperventilation, myalgia, sluggish, cold and clammy skin) with 50% mortality rate

Answer 5

metformin

Question 6

long-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

Answer 6

onset: 1-1.5 hours
peak: none
duration: 24 hours

Question 7

recommended as initial oral drug of choice in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes if no contraindications exist

Answer 7

metformin

Question 8

this is not a good choice for a fast-acting carbohydrate

Answer 8

table sugar

Question 9

short-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

Answer 9

onset: 30-60 minutes
peak: 2.5 hours
duration: 6-10 hours

Question 10

unopened vials of insulin are stored in ___________

Answer 10

refrigerator

Question 11

rotating insulin injection sites can help prevent this

Answer 11

lipodystrophy

Question 12

increases blood glucose by stimulated glycogenolysis

Answer 12

glucagon

Question 13

type of insulin that is sometimes referred to as basal insulin

Answer 13

long-acting insulin

Question 14

BG levels increase within 10 minutes

Answer 14

glucagon

Question 15

avoid alcohol due to disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, headache, sweating, nausea, vomiting, weakness)

Answer 15

second-generation sulfonylureas

Question 16

only type of insulin that can be given IV

Answer 16

regular insulin (short-acting)

Question 17

examples of 15 g of carbohydrates

Answer 17

4 oz orange juice
2 oz grape juice
8 oz milk
glucose tablets

Question 18

has adjusted doses dependent on individual blood glucose

Answer 18

sliding-scale insulin coverage

Question 19

_______ and __________ can increase insulin absorption, while __________ can decrease absorption

Answer 19

Heat, massage, cooling

Question 20

used in situations where the patient has extreme variances in requirements (stress, surgery, illness, or injection)

Answer 20

sliding-scale insulin coverage

Question 21

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete more insulin (requires functioning beta cells)

Answer 21

second-generation sulfonylureas

Question 22

opened vials of insulin are kept _______________ for one month or kept _______________ for three months

Answer 22

at room temperature; in the fridge

Question 23

glycosuria can result when BG is >___

Answer 23

180

Question 24

hypoglycemic reactions are more likely to occur during ______ action time

Answer 24

peak

Question 25

type of diabetes that occurs after certain medications (glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, epinephrine) are taken

Answer 25

secondary

Question 26

should be administered within 10-15 minutes before mealtime

Answer 26

rapid-acting insulin

Question 27

ADA recommends insulin is injected _________ at a chosen site for _______

Answer 27

daily, 1 week

Question 28

avoid storing insulin in these two conditions

Answer 28

direct sunlight high temperatures

Question 29

type of insulin that appears cloudy

Answer 29

intermediate-acting

Question 30

rapid-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

Answer 30

onset: 15 minutes peak: 1-2 hours duration: 3-4 hours

Question 31

five contraindications of metformin

Answer 31

renal disease for dysfunction (creatine clearance <30 mL/min) alcoholism heart failure metabolic acidosis hepatic disease

Question 32

used for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes in conjunction with lifestyle changes

Answer 32

oral antidiabetic drugs

Question 33

results in large swings in glucose control

Answer 33

sliding-scale insulin coverage

Question 34

contraindicated in type 1 diabetes

Answer 34

second-generation sulfonylureas

Question 35

preferred method of treatment for hospitalized diabetic patients that involves a combination of insulin types

Answer 35

basal bolus insulin therapy

Question 36

tissue atrophy (dent) or hypertrophy (lump)

Answer 36

lipodystrophy

Question 37

types of insulin that appear clear

Answer 37

rapid-acting, short-acting

Question 38

decreases hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen and increases muscular glucose uptake and use

Answer 38

metformin

Question 39

should be withheld before IV contrast dye and 48 hours following because of risk of lactic acidosis or acute renal failure

Answer 39

metformin

Question 40

monitor A1C to provide feedback of diabetic control when taking this medication

Answer 40

insulin

Question 41

intermediate-acting onset, peak, and duration

Answer 41

onset: 1-2 hours peak: 4-8 hours duration: 10-18 hours

Question 42

hyperglycemic hormone secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas

Answer 42

glucagon

Question 43

mimics a healthy pancreas

Answer 43

basal bolus insulin therapy

Question 44

best if taken 30 minutes prior to meal

Answer 44

second-generation sulfonylureas

Question 45

used for insulin-induced hypoglycemia when other methods are not available

Answer 45

glucagon