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AP World History > Chapter 32: The End Of The Cold War And The Challenges Of Economic Development And Immigration. 1975-2000 > Flashcards

Chapter 32: The End Of The Cold War And The Challenges Of Economic Development And Immigration. 1975-2000 Flashcards

1
Q

The “Brazilian Solution” refers to…

A

The combination of dictatorship, repression, and government promotion of industrialization

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2
Q

Salvador Allende sought to implement socialists reforms in what country?

A

Chile

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3
Q

The first Latin American nation to experience conservative reaction to the Cuban revolution was:

A

Brazil

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4
Q

The “Dirty War” was fought in what country?

A

Argentina

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5
Q

“Dirty War” was so deemed because it was characterized by what?

A

Torture and executions by the military.

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6
Q

Which Untied States president worked to reestablish Panamanian Sovereignty in the Canal Zone?

A

Jimmy Carter

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7
Q

The “Contras” were…

A

Counterrevolutionaries financed by the Regan administration to oppose the Sandinistas

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8
Q

Which events contributed to the end of the Contra-led faction in El Salvador?

A
  • the murder of Father Oscar Romero
  • The U.S. congress refusing to support Regan’s guns-for-Contras policy
  • the collapse of the Soviet Union
  • Lack of popular support in the country
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9
Q

Neo-liberalism was the policy of…

A

Reducing the role of the state in the economy.

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10
Q

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the former shah and then implemented what?

A

A parliamentary republic with strict control by religious officials.

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11
Q

The Shah of Iran was supported strongly by:

A

The United States of America

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12
Q

One of the reasons for the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war was what?

A

Saddam Hussein’s fear that the revolutionary government of Iran would incite Iraq’s Shi’ites to rebellion

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13
Q

In order to finance arms to Iran to secure the release of American hostages, President Ronald Regan illicitly sold arms and financed the war against who?

A

Sandinistas

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14
Q

Which country engaged in an “unwinnable War” with Afghanistan in the 1980’s?

A

The USSR

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15
Q

Who were the Asian Tigers?

A

South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan

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16
Q

The keiretsu were…

A

An alliance of corporations and the banks that ruled the Japanese economy.

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17
Q

Crucial to the success of the Japanese economy in the 1970’s and 1980’s was

A

Tariffs and the import regulations restricting foreign competition.

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18
Q

Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China did what?

A

Experienced economic growth because of freeing industries from the state run system and permitted foreign investment for the first time since 1949

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19
Q

As a response to the protests that culminated in Tiananmen Square, the Chinese government…

A

Used force

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20
Q

Which is most the of the communist states by the 1980s and 1990s?

A

Deep divisions had appeared among the communist states

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21
Q

The policy of reconstructing the Soviet Union as authorized by Mikhail Gorbachev was known as…

A

Perestroika

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22
Q

Solidarity was…

A
  • a labor union of polish shipyard workers
  • Supported by the Catholic Church in Poland
  • A union that caused the Polish governments to impose martial law
  • A potent force with nationally recognized leaders
23
Q

The playright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was…

A

Vaclav Havel

24
Q

East Germany was united with West Germany in what year?

A

1990

25
Q

What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

A

Nationalism

26
Q

The result of the hard-line Communist coup against Gorbachev was that…

A
  • Boris Yeltsin led popular resistance to the coup
  • disgust with communism boiled over
  • The Russian Republic effectively took the place of the USSR
  • The coup failed
27
Q

The Soviet Union was dissolved in what year?

A

1991

28
Q

After the fall of the Soviet Union, nationalism and diversity undermined the Balkan nation of…

A

Yugoslavia

29
Q

Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans occurred between…

A

Christian Serbians and Muslims

30
Q

NATO forces were dispatched to the Balkans and used air strikes against Serbia to stop ethnic cleansing in:

A

Kosovo

31
Q

In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that…

A

Population growth would outstrip food production

32
Q

Societies that have made the “demographic transition” have…

A

Lowered fertility rates.

33
Q

Industrialized nations questioning the rapid population growth in third world countries did do because of:

A

racism
religious outlooks
fear of greater power through greater population
fear of strain on global resources

34
Q

World population between 1950-1985 increased by how much?

A

It increased by 100%

35
Q

In 1994, genocide was perpetrated by…

A

Rwandan Hutus against Tutsis

36
Q

28 million of the 40 million people infected with the HIV virus live in what continent?

A

Africa!

37
Q

What is not associated with low birth rates of older industrial nations.

A

Environmental pollution.

38
Q

Which two nations account for approximately 1/3 of the worlds population?

A

India and China

39
Q

All of the following factors have contributed to the declining life expectancy in Eastern Europe except…

A

Famine

40
Q

Increases in global immigration are due in large part to…

A

Growing populations in developing nations.

41
Q

Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world’s population…

A

Remains in poverty.

42
Q

Internal migration in developing nations resulted in what?

A

Migrants enjoying a better life in the cities.

43
Q

Although immigrants from developing nations bring many benefits to a new country, they what?

A

Face anti-immigrant discrimination and resentment

44
Q

Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialized nations are mostly due to what?

A

An ethnically derived sense of nationality

45
Q

What is not true about technological innovation after WW 2?

A

It caused a decline in world agriculture production due to the focus on tech, leading to worldwide starvation

46
Q

As western economies recovered from WW 2, most…

A

Consumers sought new goods to purchase.

47
Q

The most influential technology of the last three decades has been what?

A

The computer

48
Q

The primary agent of technological change is the…

A

Transnational corporation

49
Q

What factors have contributed to the globalization of fast food?

A
  • Later marriage ages in modern industrial societies
  • Busy schedules mean less family meals
  • Increased immigration/ travel
  • Greater cultural promotion in various media
50
Q

Which country has arguably the worst environmental record?

A

The former Soviet Union

51
Q

Efforts to preserve the environment included what?

A
  • The Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act
  • promoting the use of solar and wind trivia
  • Manufacturing fuel-efficient cars
  • Recycling efforts
52
Q

What was Glasnost?

A

openness

53
Q

When did the Cold War end?

A

1991

AP World History (34 decks)

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