Chapter 3.2 The Impact Of Sport On Society And Of Society On Sport Flashcards
(25 cards)
Sociology 2 main concerns
- Examining interactions and interdependence i.e. way people live in groups within society
- Examining how human behaviour becomes controlled e.g. via family members, friends
Define society
Group of people involved in persistent interpersonal relationships, often a large social grouping sharing the same geographical territory
Define socialisation
Lifelong process where members of society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
Primary socialisation
- socialisation during the early years of childhood which takes place mainly within the immediate family
- key process = internalisation of a societies culture where individuals accept its shared norms and values
- when families teach basic values and accepted behaviour patterns e.g. learn how to share, interact and practice becoming an adult.
Secondary socialisation
- occurs during the later years when the family is less involved and other ‘agencies’ are set up for the socialisation process (e.g. school, friends)
- school very important for development
Social control
- way in which peoples thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems
- society made up of institutions, with family being the most basic unit
- institutions work together - variety of ‘social processes’ ensure socialisation into society.
Examples of social control and social pressures
Social control = from peers or the media to ‘look feminine’ and maintain slim appearance, don’t play boxing or rugby
Social pressure = women made to feel guilty about leaving a baby and give up active leisure pursuits
Social change and examples
- organised patterns of social relationships and institutions that make up society
Example of social change for gender:
‘This girl can’ - change women’s participation in sport, and how they view it .
- challenge conventional idea of what exercise looks like
- women from all backgrounds feeling included
Social issues - causes of inequality
- lack of money / costs of participating
- lack of confidence / self-esteem
- lack of role models to aspire to as participants/ coaches of sports in positions of responsibility
- myths / stereotypes; capabilities of women
When does social inequality occur & consequences of it
- when resources in a society are unevenly distributed among socially defined categories of people
- lower participation e.g. from disabilities, women, ethnic minority groups
Social processes, social interactions
Ways that people thoughts, feelings and beh is regulated in society
Socialisation of teenagers through schools / media
Social stratification and structures (examples)
Group of people involved in interpersonal relationships
(Wealth, income, social class, occupation, education)
Socialisation during childhood, mainly through family
(Clubs, law, governments, economy, media)
Values that children learn through secondary socialisation (school)
- health and fitness
- physical skills and competitiveness
- social leadership skills
- moral skills
- decision making
Gender socialisation definition
Act of leanring to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation
Practical barriers stopping women taking part in physical activity
- time / children
- money
- transport
- safety
- funding / facilities
Personal barriers
- image
- clothing
- self confidence
- parental influence
Social cultural barriers
- male dominance culture
- sexuality
- harassment
- role models / media
Social stratification - what effects the type of activity people participate in
- disposable income
- equipment
- time to learn
- access to facilities
Define social class
Social inequalities i.e. some groups have more or less wealth
Factors affecting social class
Job, income, education, family background
How can pts in sport be increased in the working class
- increased publicity
- affordable
- taster sessions
- appealing activities
- invest in areas of social deprivation
Social action theory - definition
- how people go about their beh in relation to their social scenarios
Main stages of social action theory
- Actor / agent
- Tendency for behaviour
- Social consequence
- Modification of behaviour
Stages of rational actions
- Rational actions (take PED’s)
- Leads to a valued goal (to win)
- The ends justified the means (still the option he was right)
