Chapter 33: Protostomes Flashcards by Joe Kfoury

What are the two main groups of protostomes?

1) Lophotrochozoa
2) Ecdysozoa

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Lophotrochozoa:
What are their 3 characteristics?

1) Embryos develop using spiral cleavage
2) Most live in water
3) Move using cilia/ contraction of the body’s musculature

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Lophotrochozoa:
What are their 2 characteristic structures? (some of them)

1) Trochophore: a free-living larva (worm-like)
2) Lophophore: a horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles surrounds the mouth used in filter-feeding

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Ecdysozoa:
What are the 2 main groups of ecdysozoans?

1) Arthropods
2) Nematodes

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Ecdysozoa:
What animals it contains?

It contains animals that molt and have an exoskeleton (hard external skeleton)

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What are their 5 characteristics?

1) Ciliated
2) Soft-bodied
3) Acoelomate animals
4) Many are parasitic others are free-living
5) Lives in marine, freshwater, moist terrestrial

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T/F: Anus is an evolutionary feature.

True

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T/F: Even though the coelom is an evolutionary feature it was not always kept

True

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What do they have? (5)

1) Incomplete/ primitive digestive cavity
2) Tissues
3) Complex reproductive system
4) Undeveloped eyespot
5) A mouth with a pharynx that contracts and decomposes food

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What do they lack?

1) Coelom
2) organs

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
How do they breathe?

By diffusion

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
How do the spread food to the body?

They use vacuoles (phagocytosis)

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
How do they get rid of the waste?

Either by diffusion or by mouth

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What are the consequences of having eyespots?

Directional movement and semi-cephalization

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T/F: Not all animals have muscles

False - All animals have muscles but the can be from different type of mesoderm

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
T/F: They are hermaphroditic

True - Gross fertilize

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
All and all they win the title of _______

successful (reproduce a lot)

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
T/F: They are coelomates

False - They are pseudocoelomates

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
What is the function of their pseudo coelom?

Hydrostatic skeleton

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Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
What is the corona and what do they use it for?

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Corona: Conspicuous (clearly visible) ring of cilia at anterior end.
They are used for locomotion and filter-feeding

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
T/F: They have human-like legs

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FALSE - They have a sort of toes that releases adhesive material

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
All and all they win the title of _______

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First phylum with anus

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca:
What are their 7 characteristics?

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1) Have a small coelom
2) Live in water/moist habitat
3) Some have shells some don’t
4) Most are soft-bodied
5) Large range
6) Important source of human food
7) Economically significant

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca:
All and all they win The TWO titles:
1) _______
2) _______

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1) Second in diversity
2) Most useful to humans

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca: T/F: They have only 1 shell

False - The may have no shell,1 or 2 (bi-valves => laterally)

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca: What are their 7 body parts + function?

1) Visceral mass - where organs are 2) Mantle (dorsal side) - Protect organs, secrete calcium phosphate to make the shell if present 3) Complete gut 4) Small coelom 5) nephridium - under-developed excretory system 6) Foot - secrete mucus, contractions, food 7) Radula near the mouth - breaks down food

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms): T/F: They do not have a coelom.

False - They have a Rhynchocoel that acts like a coelom.

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms): What are the characteristics of Rhynchocoel?

1) Cavity that have muscles around it 2) Contracts 3) Capture prey

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms): What are the differences between them and flatworms?

They have a complete gut && they have the Rhynchocoel.

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms): All and all they win the title of _______:

The LLOONNGGEESSTT animal alive

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: What is the doubt in this phylum?

The may not be monophyletic

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: What are their 2 specialties?

1)The are segmented with each separation called septa 2) Have a cephalization and by that an increase in control and having eyes

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: What do they have well-developed?

A head with a well-developed cerebral ganglion (cephalization)

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: T/F: All organs are repeated in each septa.

False - Each segment has a pair of excretory organs, a ganglion, and locomotory structure.

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: T/F: They do not have a circulatory system.

False - They have a closed but not segmented circulatory system.

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: T/F: They have several hearts

True

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: T/F: Annelids are hermaphroditic.

True

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: What is the structure that helps Annelids move?

Setae are bristles of chitin used in locomotion.

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: What is the key for Annelid's copulation?

Mucus to hold two of them together

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: What is an example of Annelids and what is its advantages?

Leech - secrete an anticoagulant

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid: All and all Annelids win the title of _______:

Segmented animal with cephalization

Lophotrochozoa - Bryozoa and Brachiopoda phyla: What do they have in common?

1) Have lophophores 2) Have a u shaped row of ciliated tentacles (gas exchange, filter feeding and motion) 3) May be convergent evolution

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Bryozoa (moss animals): What are the Bryozoan's 4 characteristics?

1) Live in colonies 2) Mouth near the anus 3) Both sexual and asexual reproduction (budding off) 4) Secrete a tiny chitinous chamber called a zoecium using the mantle

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Brachiopoda (lamp shells): What are the Brachiopoda 4 characteristics?

1) Have lophophores inside them 2) Have 2 shells dorso-ventrally (unlike bi-valves) 3) Some of them have a pedicle some of them not 4) Can be sessile or not

Ecdysozoa - phylum Nematoda: What are their 5 characteristics?

1) Abundant and diverse 2) pseudocoelomates 3) Bilaterally symmetrical 4) Thick cuticle that is molted as they grow 5) Well developed digestive system (Stylets - pharynx - Anus)

Ecdysozoa - phylum Nematoda: Name a type that can harm humans (indicate all the details)

Trichinella that can cause trichinosis (forms cysts in muscles) comes from eating undercooked meat

Ecdysozoa - Phylum Arthropods: How many classes and what are they + small definition? (4)

1) Chelicerata - anterior chelicera (pincers or fangs) 2) Crustacea - biramous appendages - two pairs of antennae 3) Hexapoda - uniramous appendages - 3 body parts - 1 pair of antennae 4) Myriapoda - pair of antennae - PAIRED uniramous appendages

Ecdysozoa - phylum Arthropods: What are the 3 key aspects of their success? Explain each one of them.

1) Segmentation (In some classes specialized into tagmata) 2) Exoskeleton - Made of chitin and proteins that protects against water loss and that must molt. 3) Jointed appendages - that can be modified into antennae, mouthparts or wings and that can be extended or retracted

Chapter 33: Protostomes Flashcards

(48 cards)