Chapter 33: Self-Concept

Question 1

Self-concept

Answer 1

Is an individual’s view of self.

Question 2

What occurs during the, “Trust vs, mistrust (Birth to 1 year),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 2

Develops trust following consistency in care giving and nurturing interactions. Distinguishes self from environment.

Question 3

What occurs during the, “Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1 to 3 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 3

Begins to communicate likes and dislikes. Increasingly independent in thoughts and actions. Appreciates body appearance and function.

Question 4

What occurs during the, “Initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 4

Identifies with a gender. Enhances self-awareness. Increases language skills, including identification of feelings.

Question 5

What occurs during the, “Industry vs. inferiority (6 to 12 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 5

Incorporates feedback from peers and teachers. Increases self-esteem with new skill mastery. Aware of strengths and limitations.

Question 6

What occurs during the, “Identity vs. role confusion (12 to 20 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 6

Accepts body changes and maturation. Examines attitudes, values, and beliefs. Feels positive about expanded sense of self.

Question 7

What occurs during the, “Intimacy vs. isolation (20 to 40 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 7

Has stable, positive feelings about self. Experiences successful role transitions and increased responsibilities.

Question 8

What occurs during the, “Generativity vs. self-absorption (40 to 60 years),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 8

Able to accept changes in appearance and physical endurance. Reassesses life goals. Shows contentment with aging.

Question 9

What occurs during the, “Ego integrity vs. despair (60 years old to death),” stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 9

Feels positive about life and its meaning. Interested in providing a legacy for the next generation.

Question 10

Identity

Answer 10

Involves the internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations.

Question 11

Body image

Answer 11

Involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function.

Question 12

Role performance

Answer 12

Is the way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles.

Question 13

Self-esteem

Answer 13

Is an individual’s overall feeling of self-worth or the emotional appraisal of self-concept.

Question 14

Identity confusion

Answer 14

Results when people do not maintain a clear, consistent, and continuous consciousness of personal identity.

Question 15

What are factors that influence self-concept?

Answer 15

Identity stressors body image stressors, role performance stressors, and self-esteem stressors.

Question 16

Role conflict

Answer 16

Results when a person has to simultaneously assume two or more roles that are inconsistent, contradictory, or mutually exclusive.

Question 17

Sick role

Answer 17

Involves the expectations of others and society regarding how an individual behaves when sick.

Question 18

Role ambiguity

Answer 18

Involves unclear role expectations, which makes people unsure about what to do or how to do it, creating stress and confusion.

Question 19

Role strain

Answer 19

Combines role conflict and role ambiguity.

Question 20

Role overload

Answer 20

Involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role then are manageable.

Question 21

Assessment

Answer 21

Observe for behaviors that suggest an alteration in the patient’s self-concept. Assess the patient’s cultural background. Assess the patient’s coping skills and resources. Determine the patient’s feelings and perceptions about changes in body image, self-esteem, or role. Assess the quality of the patient’s relationships.

Question 22

Planning

Answer 22

Select therapies that strengthen or maintain the patient’s coping skills. Involve the patient to ensure that realistic therapies are chosen. Refer to community services as appropriate. Minimize stressors affecting the patient’s self-concept.

Question 23

Evaluation

Answer 23

Observe the patient’s nonverbal behaviors. Ask the patient to share opinions and ideas. Observe the patient’s appearance. Ask the patient if expectations are being met.

Question 24

What are the components of self-concept?

Answer 24

Identity, body image, and role performance.

Question 25

Body image stressors

Answer 25

Include changes in physical appearance, structure, or functioning caused by normal developmental changes or illness.

Question 26

Self-esteem stressors

Answer 26

Include developmental and relationship changes, illness, surgery, accidents, and the responses of other individuals to change resulting from these events.

Question 27

Role stressors

Answer 27

Includes role conflict, role ambiguity, and role strain, originate in unclear or conflicting role expectations: the effects of illness often aggravate this.

Question 28

Implementation

Answer 28

Involve expanding a patient’s self-awareness, encouraging self-exploration, aiding in self-evaluation, helping formulate goals in regard to adaptation, and assisting a patient in achieving these goals.

Question 29

What behaviors suggest an alteration of self-concept?

Answer 29

Avoidance of eye contact, slumped posture, unkempt appearance, overly apologetic, hesitant speech, overly critical or angry, frequent or inappropriate crying, negative self-evaluation, excessively dependent, hesitant to express views or opinions, lack of interest in what is happening, passive attitude, or difficulty in making decisions.

Question 30

How does family affect self-concept development?

Answer 30

The family plays a key role in creating and maintaining the self-concepts of its members. Family and cultural factors sometimes influence negative health practices.