Chapter 34

Question 1

List the major clades of Protostomes

Answer 1

Spiralia

Ecdysozoa

Question 2

A specialized type of free-living larva found in lophotrochozoans.

Answer 2

trochophore
Spiralia
Protostome

Question 3

A horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles that surrounds the mouth of certain spiralian animals; seen in the phyla Brachiopoda and Bryozoa.

Answer 3

lophophore
Spiralia
Protostome

Question 4

Contains the arthropods and nematodes

The clade that contains animals that molt

Answer 4

Ecdysozoa

Question 5

The phylum that contains the flatworms

Answer 5

Platyhelminthes

Question 6

Primarily regulate water balance in flatworms have a secondary excretory function

Answer 6

flame cells

Question 7

Flatworms are known for their ____ capacity. When a single individual is divided into two or more parts an entirely new flatworm can regrow

Answer 7

regenerative

Question 8

Flatworms consist of two major groups

Answer 8

Free living

PArasitic

Question 9

All parasitic flatworms are placed into the subphylum ___

Answer 9

Neodermata

Question 10

The free-living flatworms are the

Answer 10

Turbellarians

Question 11

The flatworms known as flukes are called ____. They attach themselves within their host y way have suckers, hooks, or anchors. The life cycle is usually complex.

Answer 11

Trematoda

Question 12

The ciliated first-stage larva inside the egg of the liver fluke; eggs are passed in feces, and if they reach water they may be eaten by a host snail in which they continue their life cycle.

Answer 12

miracidium

Question 13

Within a snail the ciliated Trematode larvae turn into a____ a baglike structure containing embryonic germ cells

Answer 13

sporocyst

Question 14

Each Trematode sporocyst A secondary, transforms into a nonciliated larva produced in the sporocysts of liver flukes.

Answer 14

redia

Question 15

Each redia grows within the snail then gives rise to several individuals of the next larval stage, the tadpole-like ____

Answer 15

cercaria

Question 16

Cercariae escape into the water where they bore into the muscle tissue of a fish. It loses its tail, encysts and is now called a ___

Answer 16

metacercariae

Question 17

Class ___ the tapeworm and its relatives

Answer 17

Cercomeromorpha

Question 18

The attachment organ at the anterior end of a tapeworm.

Answer 18

scolex

Question 19

A repeated body segment in tapeworms that contains both male and female reproductive organs; proglottids eventually form eggs and embryos, which leave the host’s body in feces.

Answer 19

proglottid

Question 20

This phylum includes snails, clams, slugs, scallops, cuttlefish, oysters, and octopuses

Answer 20

Mollusca

Question 21

The soft, outermost layer of the body wall in mollusks; secretes the shell.

Answer 21

Mantle

Question 22

The mantle secretes the ____ of the shell in those mollusks with a shell

Answer 22

calcium carbonate

Question 23

In mollusks the ____ is highly reduced being limited to small spaces around the excretory organs, heart, and part of the intestines

Answer 23

coelom

Question 24

The soft, outermost layer of the body wall in mollusks; the mantle secretes the shell.

Answer 24

radula

Question 25

____ are the only mollusks that have no radula

Answer 25

Bivalves

Question 26

Nitrogenous wastes are removed from mollusks by ____, a tubular excretory structure that acts like a sort of kidney

Answer 26

nephridium

Question 27

The funnel-shaped opening that leads to the nephridium, which is the excretory organ of mollusks.

Answer 27

nephrostome

Question 28

The main coelomic cavity of a mollusk is the ___ which includes several sinuses and a network of vessels in the gills where gas exchange takes place

Answer 28

hemocoel

Question 29

All mollusks except cephalopods have a ____ circulatory system

Answer 29

open

Question 30

The mollusk zygote undergoes spiral cleavage. The embryo develops into a free-swimming larva called a

Answer 30

trochophore

Question 31

The second larval stage of mollusks following the trochophore stage, during which the beginning of a foot, shell, and mantle can be seen.

Answer 31

veliger

Question 32

The class of mollusks that includes chitons

Answer 32

Polyplacophora

Question 33

The class of mollusks that includes limpets, snails, and slugs

Answer 33

Gastropoda

Question 34

The class of mollusks that contains clams, oysters, and mollusks

Answer 34

Bivalvia

Question 35

The class of mollusks that contains squids, cuttlefish, and octopuses

Answer 35

Cephalopoda

Question 36

The process in embryonic development of gastropods by which the mantle cavity and anus move from a posterior location to the front of the body, closer to the location of the mouth.

Answer 36

Torsion

Question 37

Most octopuses and squids are able to change the color and texture of their skin using cells called ____ which are epithelial cells that contain pigments

Answer 37

chromatophores

Question 38

Bristles of chitin on each body segment that help anchor annelid worms during locomotion.

Answer 38

chaetae

Question 39

Annelids have a closed circulatory system but a segmented ____

Answer 39

excretory system

Question 40

Name the three classes of Annelids

Answer 40

Polychaetes Oligochaetes Hirudinea

Question 41

Include clamworms, scale worms, lugworms, sea mice, and tubeworms. Play a crucial part in many marine food chains

Answer 41

Polychaetes

Question 42

One of the paired lateral processes on each side of most segments in polychaete annelids.

Answer 42

parapodia

Question 43

Vinegar eels, eelworms and other roundworms are in phylum

Answer 43

Nematoda

Question 44

Nematodes are unusual among worms in that they lack ____ musculature so they can shorten but not change in diameter

Answer 44

circular

Question 45

Nematodes are important subjects for genetic and developmental studies because

Answer 45

They have a fixed number of cells and are transparent

Question 46

Includes spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, daddy long legs, horseshoe crabs all have mouthparts containing pincers or fangs

Answer 46

Phylum Arthropoda | Class Chelicerata

Question 47

Includes lobsters, crabs, shrimps, isopods, ad barnacles All have mouthparts that are mandibles, two-branches appendages, and two pairs of antennae

Answer 47

Phylum Arthropoda | Class Crustacea

Question 48

Includes insects, beetles, flies, fleas, true bugs, grasshoppers, butterflies, termites. All have mandible mouthparts, the body consists of three regions, one pair of antennae, single branches appendages

Answer 48

Phylum Arthropoda | Class Hexapoda

Question 49

Includes centipedes and millipedes. All have mandible mouthparts, one pair of antennae, and numerous segments

Answer 49

Phylum Arthropoda | Class Myriapoda

Question 50

Segments specialized into functional groups called

Answer 50

tagmata

Question 51

In many crustaceans the head and thorax fuse to form the cephalothorax or

Answer 51

prosoma

Question 52

The name arthropod means

Answer 52

jointed feet