Chapter 34

Question 1

London Economic Conference (Summer of 1933)

Answer 1

Tried to organize a coordinated international attack on the global depression, stabilize the exchange rates of global currencies. FDR had initially planned to send Cordell Hull to participate but realized that he had other domestic priorities, resulting in the worsening of the extreme nationalism and the economic crisis. (ISOLATIONIST MOVE)

Question 2

Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)

Answer 2

Provided for the independence of the Philippines after a twelve year period of economic and political tutelage (by 1946)

Question 3

Good Neighbor policy

Answer 3

FDR decided to renounce armed intervention and usher in friendliness in Latin America, as seen in nonintervention in Cuba (1934), Panama (1936), Mexico (1938)

Question 4

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (1934)

Answer 4

Lifted American export trade during the Depression and activated the low-tariff policies of the New Deal, amended the Hawley-Smoot law, empowered FDR to lower existing rates by as much as 50 percent as long as it was reciprocated by other nations (Cordell Hull worked out pacts with 21 countries by late 1939)

Question 5

Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)

Answer 5

The alliance between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy

Question 6

Johnson Debt Default Act (1934)

Answer 6

Prevented debt-dodging nations from borrowing further in the United States

Question 7

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

Answer 7

~3000 Americans who headed to Spain to fight for the republican Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War

Question 8

Quarantine Speech (1937)

Answer 8

FDR called for “positive endeavors” to “quarantine” the aggressors (by means of embargoes)

Question 9

America’s first peacetime draft

Answer 9

Declared on September 6, 1940

Question 10

Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938)

Answer 10

German mobs ransacked Jewish shops and synagogues, resulting in 30,000 Jews being sent to concentration camps

Question 11

Ship that carried 937 passengers (mainly Jewish refugees) in May 1939 that eventually had a fruitless journey back to the clutches of the Nazis after being rejected Cuba, the U.S., and Canada

Answer 11

St. Louis

Question 12

War Refugee Board (1942)

Answer 12

Saved thousands of Jews from deportation to Auschwitz

Question 13

ABC-1 agreement

Answer 13

Agreement between the US and the British that their strategy ought to “get Germany first”

Question 14

War Production Board (WPB)

Answer 14

Orchestrated the production of weaponry for the American military, assigned priorities for transportation and access to raw materials

Question 15

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

Answer 15

Brought ascending prices under control with extensive regulations

Question 16

National War Labor Board (NWLB)

Answer 16

Imposed ceilings on wage increases

Question 17

Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act (1943)

Answer 17

Authorized the federal government to seize and operate tied-up industries

Question 18

“Women in Arms”

Answer 18

WACs (Women’s Army Corps), WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), and SPARS (US Coast Guard Women’s Reserve)

Question 19

Bracero program

Answer 19

Brought 1000’s of Mexican agricultural workers across the border to harvest the fruit and grain crops of the West

Question 20

Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)

Answer 20

Monitored compliance with FDR’s order forbidding discrimination in defense industries

Question 21

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Answer 21

Founded in 1942

Question 22

Code talkers

Answer 22

Comanches (Europe) and Navajos (Pacific) transmitted radio messages in their native languages