Chapter 34: Classification & Evolution (1)

Question 1

What do green algae and land
plants have in common?

Answer 1

Both have chlorophyll a and b, store starch as an energy reserve, and have cell walls made of cellulose.

Question 2

What are the key differences between land plants and green algae?

Answer 2

Land plants have vascular tissues, cuticles, and stomata, while green algae are mostly aquatic and rely on direct water absorption.

Question 3

Why is it important to study green algae with land plants?

Answer 3

Green algae share a common ancestor with land plants and provide insight into early plant evolution and adaptations to terrestrial life.

Question 4

What evidence supports the evolution from green algae?

Answer 4

DNA sequencing shows close genetic similarities, both have flagellated sperm in some species, and formation of phragmoplast during cell division.

Question 5

What are three ecosystem services provided by plants?

Answer 5

• Oxygen Production
• Soil Formation & Stability
• Carbon Sequestration

Question 6

How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?

Answer 6

Plants absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis and store it as biomass, releasing CO₂ through respiration and decomposition.

Question 7

What impact did land plants have on life on Earth?

Answer 7

Provided food and habitat for terrestrial organisms, created stable soils, and changed atmospheric oxygen levels.

Question 8

What is the function of the cuticle in land plants?

Answer 8

Reduces water loss and protects against pathogens and UV radiation.

Question 9

What is the role of stomata in plants?

Answer 9

Regulate gas exchange and control water loss.

Question 10

What are the main types of plant groups based on vascular tissue?

Answer 10

• Nonvascular Plants
• Seedless Vascular Plants
• Seed Plants

Question 11

How do nonvascular plants differ from seed plants?

Answer 11

Nonvascular plants lack vascular tissue and are small in size, while seed plants have vascular tissue and reproduce via seeds.

Question 12

What is the significance of vascular tissue in plants?

Answer 12

Allows transport of water and nutrients, enabling plants to grow taller and colonize diverse environments.

Question 13

What is the dominant generation in mosses?

Answer 13

Gametophyte dominant.

Question 14

What is the dominant generation in ferns?

Answer 14

Sporophyte dominant.

Question 15

What are some adaptations of plants in dry environments?

Answer 15

• Storage retains water
• Needle-like leaves
• Extra thick cuticle

Question 16

What are some examples of modified roots?

Answer 16

• Storage Roots
• Prop Roots
• Pneumatophores
• Anchor Roots

Question 17

What are some examples of modified leaves?

Answer 17

• Onion Bulbs
• Floral Mimics
• Succulent Leaves
• Traps (Insectivorous Plants)
• Tendrils (Climbing Leaves)

Question 18

What is the difference between adaptation and acclimatization?

Answer 18

Adaptation refers to permanent genetic changes over generations, while acclimatization refers to temporary physiological adjustments.

Question 19

How do body size and metabolic rate relate in animals?

Answer 19

Smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate per unit mass, while larger animals require more food overall but have lower mass-specific metabolic rates.

Question 20

What is homeostasis?

Answer 20

Maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Question 21

How does the human body respond to cold stress?

Answer 21

Negative feedback opposes the direction of change, causing the body to try to warm up.

Question 22

What adaptations do endothermic animals have for thermoregulation?

Answer 22

Insulation (fur, feathers, fat), countercurrent heat exchange, and torpor/hibernation.

Question 23

What would Earth’s ecosystems look like without land plants?

Answer 23

Less oxygen, fewer food sources, unstable soils, reduced biodiversity.

Question 24

What are some thermoregulatory adaptations of animals in hot desert environments?

Answer 24

• Large ears for heat dissipation
• Nocturnal activity to avoid heat
• Reduced sweating
• Burrowing to seek shade

Question 25

*what is a Flower is a unique adaptation.

Answer 25

because they have different sense, different shape, different colors, and attract pollinators, and allow the plants to get very efficient reproduction symbiosis

Question 26

What is a Symbiosis?

Answer 26

a positive interaction between two species, Flower and other species both benefit

Question 27

How would a plants growth development may be affected if it could not transfer water efficiently through vascular tissue?

Answer 27

It will dry out and not photosynthesize, water is a critical ingredient

Question 28

What does plant species adaptation look like in dry environments?

Answer 28

Storage will retain water (needle like leaves), during infrequent periods of rain.

Question 29

Why are needle like leaves good at storing water?

Answer 29

They have extra thick cuticle that prevents water loss

Question 30

Why is there variation in root systems?

Answer 30

Because there is less competition for nutrients and water from different parts of the soil

Question 31

Silurian and Devonian Significance

Answer 31

the evolution and diversification of jawless fish, the appearance of the first fish with jaws, the colonization of land by vascular plants, and the rise of the first forests and insects, culminating in a mass extinction at the end of the Devonian

Question 32

Plants with low surface area

Answer 32

An organ that has a lower surface area will be particularly effective at storing for example: a potato, has a thick structure, but a small surface area for how large the volume is.

Question 33

How are Gymnosperms Produce?

Answer 33

They use seeds and wind pollination for reproduction.

Question 34

Non vascular plants

Answer 34

Lack vascular tissue, small in size, rely on water for reproduction (e.g., mosses).

Question 35

Seedless Vascular Plants

Answer 35

: Have vascular tissue, reproduce via spores (e.g ferns).

Question 36

Seed Plants:

Answer 36

Have vascular tissue and reproduce via seeds (e.g., gymnosperms and angiosperms).