Chapter 35 - 2

Question 1

What is indeterminate growth?

Answer 1

Growth will continue forever provided the right nutrients and conditions
This is due to the presence of meristems
Perpetually dividing undifferentiated growth (stem cells)

Question 2

What is determinate growth?

Answer 2

Leaves and and animals both undergo this
This means that they grow until a mature point and then the growth slows/stops

Question 3

How do you differentiate between indeterminate and determinate growth?

Answer 3

Indeterminate growth can continue throughout the organisms life
Determinate growth means that the organism stops growing at a mature point

Question 4

What are meristems?

Answer 4

The stem cell rich areas of the plant where growth originates from.

Question 5

What are apical meristems?

Answer 5

The meristems that allow for primary growth and growth in length.

Question 6

What type of growth do roots and stems undergo?

Answer 6

Indeterminate growth.

Question 7

What type of growth do animals undergo?

Answer 7

Determinate growth.

Question 8

What are the 2 major types of meristems found in plants?

Answer 8

Apical meristems
Lateral meristems?

Question 9

What are apical meristems?

Answer 9

Found at the tips of roots and shoots
Enable growth in length (primary growth)
Increases of surface area in roots and stem for better nutrient acquisition.

Question 10

What are lateral meristems?

Answer 10

Along the roots and stems
Allow for growth in width
Two types
-Vascular Cambium
-Cork Cambium

Question 11

What are the 2 types of Lateral meristems?

Answer 11

Vascular Cambium
Cork Cambium

Question 12

What does vascular cambium growth do?

Answer 12

Provides growth of xylem and phloem

Question 13

What does cork cambium growth do?

Answer 13

Replaces epidermis with periderm

Question 14

What do the meristems do?

Answer 14

They contain stem cells (cells that generate proliferation) and as they proliferate undergoing mitosis, they create new cells

Question 15

How can the cells in the meristems be categorized?

Answer 15

2 categories
-initials or stem cells
-derivatives

Question 16

What is the difference between initials/stem cells and derivatives?

Answer 16

Initials or stem cells have the continuous ability to divide and give rise to more cells.
Derivatives on the other hand are the cells produced from the division of stem cells. They undergo specialization and take on specific functions or structures within the plant. After specialization, these cells lose the ability to divide further.

Question 17

What generates new cells in the meristem?

Answer 17

Cellular proliferation

Question 18

Which cells remain undifferentiated?

Answer 18

Initials or Stem Cells

Question 19

Which cells differentiate into plant tissues?

Answer 19

Derivatives

Question 20

Apical meristems will initiate primary growth (increasing _____________) in the spring creating new nodes and internodes.

Answer 20

Length

Question 21

Lateral meristems will be driving secondary growth. What does secondary growth increase?

Answer 21

Width

Question 22

What are the 3 different plant life spans?

Answer 22

Annuals
Biennials
Perennials

Question 23

What is the annual life span?

Answer 23

Complete life cycle in 1 year.
Example: Marigold, Petunia

Question 24

What is the biennial life span?

Answer 24

Complete life cycle in 2 years.
Example: Turnip, Radish

Question 25

What is the perennial life span?

Answer 25

Complete life cycle in many years/2+.
Example: Tulips, Trees, Grass