Chapter 35

Question 1

Organs of a plant

Answer 1

root, stem, leaves

Question 2

roots

Answer 2

multicellular organs
anchors plant
absorbs minerals and water
store organic nutrients

Question 3

Tissues of plants

Answer 3

Dermal
vascular
ground

Question 4

Dermal tissues

Answer 4

epidermis

peridermis

Question 5

epidermis

Answer 5

make-up non woody plants

Question 6

periderm

Answer 6

protective tissue ion woody plants

replaces the epidermis in older regions

Question 7

vascular tissue

Answer 7

xylem

phloem

Question 8

xylem

Answer 8

conveys water

dissolves minerals upward from roots and shoots

Question 9

phloem

Answer 9

transport organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed

Question 10

ground tissues

Answer 10

include cells specialized from storage, photosynthesis and support

pith
cortex

Question 11

pith

Answer 11

internal to vascular tissue in the stem

Question 12

cortex

Answer 12

external to vascular tissue

Question 13

Parenchyma

Answer 13

perform the most metabolic functions

retain the ability to divide and differentiate

Question 14

collenchyma

Answer 14

helps support young parts of the plant and shoot

provides flexible support without restraining growth

Question 15

Sclerenchyma

Answer 15

dead at functional maturity

rigid due to thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin

Question 16

sugar-conducting cells of the phloem

Answer 16

sieve-tube elements are alive at functional maturity

lack organelles

Question 17

Meristem

Answer 17

tissue in plants consisting of undifferentiated cells
embryonic tissue
allows for indeterminate growth
gives rise to initials and derivatives

Question 18

indeterminate growth

Answer 18

growth throughout a plants life

Question 19

Initials

Answer 19

remains in the meristem

Question 20

derivatives

Answer 20

become specialized in developing tissues

Question 21

determinate growth

Answer 21

when plant organs cease to grow at a certain size

Question 22

apical meristem

Answer 22

elongate shoots and roots through primary growth

Question 23

primary growth

Answer 23

apical meristems elongate shoots and roots

Question 24

lateral meristems

Answer 24

add thickness to woody plants through secondary growth

2 types: vascular cambium, cork cambium

Question 25

vascular cambium

Answer 25

adds layers of vascular tissue

Question 26

cork cambium

Answer 26

replaces the epidermis with periderm

Question 27

three development processes of plants

Answer 27

growth morphogenesis cellular differentiation

Question 28

Growth in plants

Answer 28

consists of cell division and cell expansion | cell division: increases the potential for growth

Question 29

cell expansion

Answer 29

accounts for the actual increase in plant size | cells grow rapidly and "cheaply" by in taking and storing water in the vacuole

Question 30

Morphogenesis

Answer 30

the development of body form and organization and is often controlled by homeotic genes

Question 31

Pattern Formation

Answer 31

the development of specific structures in specific locations

Question 32

positional information

Answer 32

determines pattern formation in the form of signals indicating to each cell its location

Question 33

polarity (pattern formation)

Answer 33

having structural or chemical differences at opposite ends of an organism provides one type of positional information

Question 34

cellular differentiation

Answer 34

cells of a developing organism synthesizes different proteins and diverges into structure and function even though they have the same genome depends on positional information and is affected by homeotic genes

Question 35

phases changes

Answer 35

developmental phases | from juvenile phase to adult phase

Question 36

vegetative growth

Answer 36

involved in flower formation | triggered by a combination of environmental cues and internal signals

Question 37

meristem identity gene

Answer 37

causes the transition from vegetative growth to flowering

Question 38

organ identity gene

Answer 38

plant homeotic genes | regulates the development of floral patterns

Question 39

mutation in the organ identity gene can?

Answer 39

cause abnormal floral development