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Wilkins > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is fluoride important?

A

Helps aid in sensitivity reduction. Plugs up tubules, helps strengthen enamel by demineralization

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2
Q

How is fluoride delivered?

A

Topically (trays, gel, rinse) orally (tablet)

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3
Q

What is the summary of fluoride action?

A

Inhibit demineralization, enhance remineralization, inhibit bacterial activity by inhibiting emulate an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates.

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4
Q

What is fluoridation?

A

Adjustment of the natural fluoride ion content of a domestic municipal water supply

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5
Q

What is defluoridation?

A

When fluoride is removed from a community water supply.

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6
Q

What does table 13-1 include?

A

1

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7
Q

What are risk factors for fluoride treatments?

A

1

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8
Q

Which foods contain fluoride?

A

1

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9
Q

2.0 % sodium fluoride?

A

Trays or foam (porcelain)

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10
Q

1.23% acidulated phosphate

A

Gel or foam apply a thin layer

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11
Q

5% sodium fluoride NaF neutral or or 7 pH

A

Varnish, apply a thin layer

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12
Q

Varnish technique?

A

1

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13
Q

Tray technique?

A

1

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14
Q

Take home tray technique?

A

1

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15
Q

Who are fluoride mouthrinses indicated for?

A

Self application for individuals at moderate or high caries risk, pt’smwitn areas of demineralization, root exposure.

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16
Q

Who are the trays indicated for?

A

I

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17
Q

Who are fluoride dentifrices indicated for?

A

Caries prevention

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18
Q

Fluoride safety?

A

Toxic overdose should be avoided

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19
Q

What are signs of fluoride overdose?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased salivation thirst.

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20
Q

What is chronic toxicity?

A

long-term ingestion of fluoride in amounts that exceed the approved therapeutic level

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21
Q

What is dental fluorosis?

A

Y

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22
Q

True or False

Epidemiological evidence shows maximum caries inhibiting affect when there is systemic exposure before tooth eruption, and frequent topical exposure throughout life.

A

True

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23
Q

True or False

Milk binds to fluoride

A

True

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24
Q

True or False

Fluoride is rapidly absorbed by passive diffusion in the stomach

A

True (most is absorbed within 60 minutes)

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25
True or False The fluoride ion (F) is stored as an integral part of the crystal lattice of teeth and bones. The amount varies with the amount of intake, exposure, age, stage of development of the individual.
True
26
Definition of abrasive system
substances with cleaning and polishing properties utilized in the formulation of a dentifrice; to be compatible with fluoride compounds and other ingredients and not alter the tooth structure unfavorably
27
Definition of acidogenic
producing acid or acidity
28
Definition of apatite
a group of minerals of the general formula wherein the X might include hydroxyl (OH), carbonate (CO), fluoride (F), or oxygen (O); crystalline mineral component of hard tissues (bones and teeth)
29
Definition of hydroxyapatite
the form of apatite that is the principal mineral component of teeth, bones, and calculus
30
Definition of fluorapatite
the form of hydroxyapatite in which fluoride ions have replaced some of the hydroxyl ions; with fluoride, the apatite is less soluble and therefore more resistant to the acids formed from carbohydrate intake
31
Definition of fluorhydroxyapatite
apatite formed when low concentrations of fluoride react with tooth mineral; at higher concentrates, calcium fluoride is formed
32
Definition of cariogenic challenge
exposure of a tooth surface to an acid attack; acid is from the action of dental biofilm and cariogenic food ingested
33
Definition of cariostatic
exerting an inhibitory action on the progress of dental caries
34
Definition of defluoridation
lowering the amount of fluoride in fluoridated water to an optimum level for the prevention of dental caries and dental fluorisis
35
Definition of demineralization
breakdown of the tooth structure with a loss of mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphorus
36
Definition of dilution
the reduction in the absolute measurable benefits of the effectiveness of an intervention
37
Definition of efficacy
with reference to a product: an efficacious product produces a statistically and clinically significant benefit under ideal testing conditions in carefully controlled clinical trials
38
Definition of fluoride
a salt of hydrofluoric acid; the ionized form of fluorine that occurs in many tissues and is stored primarily in bones and teeth
39
Definition of fluorosis
form of enamel hypo mineralization de to excessive ingestion of fluoride during the development and mineralization of the teeth; depending on the length of exposure and the ppm of the fluoride, the fluorosed areaway appear as a small white spot as a severe brown staining with pitting
40
Definition of gel
semisolid or solid phase of a colloidal solution
41
Definition of glycolysis
process by which sugar is metabolized by bacteria to produce acid
42
Definition of hypocalcification
deficient calcification
43
Definition of enamel hypocalcification
defect of enamel maturation caused by hereditary or systemic irregularities
44
Definition of halo (diffusion effect)
occurs when foods and beverages processed in a fluoridated community are imported and consumed in a non fluoridated community
45
Definition of maturation
stage of process of becoming mature or attaining maximal development
46
Definition of OTC
over the counter
47
Definition of prevented fraction
proportion of disease occurrence in a population that is averted due to an intervention
48
Definition of ppm
parts per million; measure used to designate the amount of fluoride used for optimum level in fluoridated water
49
Definition of remineralization
restoration of mineral elements in a tooth surface
50
Definition of rx
prescription
51
Definition of subsurface lesion
demineralized area below the surface of the enamel created by acid that has passed through micropores between enamel rods
52
Definition of thixotropic
type of gel that sets in a gel-like state but becomes fluid under stress
53
Definition of white spot
term used to describe a small area on the surface of enamel that contrasts in appearance with the rest of the surface and may be visible only when the tooth is dried
54
True or False Plasma carries the fluoride for its distribution and elimination throughout the body
True
55
True or False Most fluoride is excreted through the kidneys in the urine with a small amount excreted by sweat glands and feces
True
56
True or False Hypomineralized enamel absorbs fluoride in greater quantities than sound enamel
True
57
True or False Saliva and biofilm are reservoirs for fluoride so it is available for remineralization when needed
True
58
True or False Fluoride enhances remineralization by adsorbing to the crystal surface and attracting calcium and phosphate ions
True
59
True or False At high concentrations, fluoride interferes with the growth and metabolism of bacteria
True
60
True or False Topical fluoride inhibits demineralization and enhances remineralization of incipient lesions
True
61
True or False Fluoride inhibits bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase (an enzyme) needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates
True
62
Sodium fluoride supplements are available in which form?
Tablets oral drops lozenges
63
What are the dosages available for fluoride tablets, drops and lozenges?
0.25, 0.50, 1 mg
64
True or False Determination of the child's risk for dental caries must be considered before the use of fluoride supplements
True
65
True or False For children ages 6 years or younger, varnish is the only topical method recommended
True
66
Indications for fluoride application for low caries risk?
use professional judgement | application may not provide additional benefits
67
Indications for fluoride application for moderate caries risk?
application at 6 month intervals or more frequent
68
Indications for fluoride application for high caries risk?
application at 6 month or 3 month intervals
69
Sodium fluoride is also called neutral sodium fluoride because?
due to its neutral pH of 7.0, contains 9050 ppm fluoride ions
70
1.23 acidulated phosphate fluoride contains?
12,300 ppm fluoride ions
71
True or False APF can etch porcelain and composite materials (restorations)
True
72
True or False Varnish is effective in reversing active enamel lesions in primary dentition
True it can remineralize the enamel lesions
73
True or False Varnish is effective in reducing demineralization areas around orthodontic brackets
True
74
Over the counter fluoride has what concentration?
1500 ppm
75
What gels are available by prescription?
1. 1% NaF (5000 ppm) | 1. 1% acidulated phosphate APF (5000 ppm)
76
What is the concentration for over the counter fluoride rinse is?
0.05% NaF (230 ppm)
77
What is acute toxicity?
rapid intake of excess dose over a short period of time
78
What is the emergency treatment for toxic overdose?
induce vomiting | after vomiting, give patient milk

Wilkins (15 decks)

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