Chapter 35 Immune System GLOSSARY

Question 1

What is aggulination?

Answer 1

clumping effect that occurs when an antibody acts as a crosslink between two antigens

Question 2

What is an antibody?

Answer 2

A protein substance that the body develops in response to and interacting with a specific antgen

Question 3

What is an antigen?

Answer 3

a substance that induces the production of antibodies

Question 4

What is an antigenic determinant?

Answer 4

specific area of an antigen that binds with an antibody combining site to determine the specificity of the antigen-antiboy reaction

Question 5

apoptosis?

Answer 5

programmed cell death that results form the digestion of deoxyribonucleic acid by end nucleases

Question 6

What response are B cells a part of?

Answer 6

humoral immune response

Question 7

What is the cellular immune response?

Answer 7

the immune systems third line of defense,involving the attack of the pathogens by the T cells

Question 8

Complement?

Answer 8

series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells

Question 9

cytokines?

Answer 9

generic term for nonantibody proteins that act as intercellular mediators, as in the generation of the immune response.

Question 10

Cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 10

lymphocytes that lyse cells infected with virus, also play a role in graft rejection

Question 11

Epitope?

Answer 11

any component of an antigen molecule that functions as an antigenetic determinent by permitting the attachment of certain antibodies

Question 12

Genetic engineering?

Answer 12

emerging technology designed to enable replacement of missing or defective genes.

Question 13

helper T cells?

Answer 13

lymphocytes that attack foreign invaders (antigens) directly.

Question 14

humoral immune response?

Answer 14

the immune systems second line of defense, often termed the antibody response.

Question 15

immune response?

Answer 15

the coordinated response of the components of the immune system to a foreign agent or organism.

Question 16

immune system?

Answer 16

collection of organs, cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate the immune response

Question 17

immunity?

Answer 17

the bodys specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism, resistance to disease (specifically infectious disease.

Question 18

immunopathology?

Answer 18

study of diseases resulting in dysfunctions within the immune system.

Question 19

immunoregulaton?

Answer 19

complex system of checks and balances that regulates or controls immune responses.

Question 20

interferons?

Answer 20

proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral foreign agents, capable of activating other components of the immune system.

Question 21

lymphokines?

Answer 21

substances released by sensitized lymphocytes when they come into contact with specific antigens.

Question 22

memory cells?

Answer 22

cells that are responsible for recognizing antigens from previous exposure and mounting an immune response

Question 23

NK cells?

Answer 23

lymphocytes that defend against microorganisms and malignant cells

Question 24

null lymphocytes?

Answer 24

lymphocytes that destroy antigens already coated with the antibody

Question 25

opsonization?

Answer 25

the coating of antigen-antibody molecules with a sticky substance to facilitate phagocytosis

Question 26

phagocytic cells?

Answer 26

cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign bodies or toxins

Question 27

Phagocytic immune response?

Answer 27

the immune systems first line of defense, involving white blood cells that have the ability to ingestforeign particles.

Question 28

stem cells?

Answer 28

precursors of all blood cells,reside primarily in bone marrow

Question 29

Suppressor T cells?

Answer 29

lymphocytes that decrease B-cell activity to a level at which the immune system is compatible with life.

Question 30

T cells?

Answer 30

cells that are important for producing cellular immune response.