Chapter 38 Flashcards
Activities usually performed in the course of a normal day in the patient’s life such as eating, dressing, bathing, brushing the teeth, or grooming.
activities of daily living (ADLs)
Kind or amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform.
activity tolerance
Gait achieved by a person using crutches.
Crutch gait
________ : A program of regular physical activity, has the potential to enhance all aspects of a patient’s biopsychosocial and spiritual model of health.
Exercise
__________ are placed on the end of beds; patients push against them to move up in bed.
Footboards
___________ Effects of rubbing or the resistance that a moving body meets from the surface on which it moves; a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.
Friction
_______ is a coordinated process requiring equilibrium and balance/ the style or character of a person’s walk.
Gait
An articulation, or ______ is the connection between bones.
Joint
_____________ is the person’s ability to move about freely.
Mobility
Using alignment, __________, and balance in a purposeful and coordinated effort during activity to prevent injury
Posture
____________ is the Range of movement involving the muscles and joint from maximum extension to maximum flexion as measured in degrees of a circle.
Range of motion (ROM)
___________ are white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone.
Tendons
________________ is bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that increases energy expenditure
Physical Activity
Water’s effect on the body ( 8 ) :
- Moisten tissues (mouth, eyes, nose)
- Protects body organs and tissues
- Helps prevent constipation
- Helps dissolve minerals/nutrients, making them accessible to body
- Regulate body temperature
- Lubricate joints
- Lessens the burden on kidneys and liver by flushing out waste products.
- Carries nutrients and oxygen to cell
What restorative care device is used for:
- Four point alternating
- Three point alternating
- two point
- swing through
Crutches and crutch Gaits
What restorative care device is used for:
- Single straight-legged
- Quad cane
Cane
A nurse stretches out a patient’s leg and moves it in a circle. This is an example of what type of body movement? A. Abduction B. Flexion C. Circumduction D. Dorsiflexion
Answer: C. Circumduction
Rationale: Circumduction occurs when the distal part of the limb is moved to trace a circle while the proximal end of the bone remains fixed.
A patient on bed rest for several days attempts to walk with assistance. He becomes dizzy and nauseated. His pulse rate jumps from 85 to 110 beats/min. These are most likely symptoms of which of the following?
1 Rebound hypertension
2 Orthostatic hypotension
3 Dysfunctional proprioception.
4 Central nervous system rebound hypotension
Answer: 2.
Signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, tachycardia, pallor, and even fainting.
Which action(s) are appropriate for the nurse to implement when a patient experiences orthostatic hypotension?
1 Call for assistance.
2 Allow patient to sit down.
3 Take patient’s blood pressure and pulse.
4 Continue to ambulate patient to build endurance.
5 If patient begins to faint, allow him to slide against the nurse’s leg to the floor.
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5.
If the patient has a fainting (syncope) episode or begins to fall, assume a wide base of support with one foot in front of the other, thus supporting the patient’s body weight (see Fig. 38-5, A to C). Extend one leg and let the patient slide against it; gently lower the patient to the floor, protecting his or her head. Take the patient’s blood pressure and pulse as soon as possible after incident.
Which of the following best motivates a patient to participate in an exercise program?
1 Giving a patient information on exercise
2 Providing information to the patient when the patient is ready to change behavior
3 Explaining the importance of exercise when a patient is diagnosed with a chronic disease such as diabetes
4 Following up with instructions after the health care provider tells a patient to begin an exercise program
Answer: 2.
Patients are more open to developing an exercise program when they are at a stage of readiness to change their behavior. Once the patient is at the stage of readiness, collaborate with him or her to develop an exercise program that fits his or her needs and provide continued follow-up support and assistance until the exercise program becomes a daily routine.
Which of the following is a principle of proper body mechanics when lifting or carrying objects?
1 Keep the knees in a locked position.
2 Bend at the waist to maintain a center of gravity.
3 Maintain a wide base of support.
4 Hold objects away from the body for improved leverage.
Answer: 3.
Maintaining a wide base of support allows for proper body mechanics. Locking the knees or bending at the waist causes strain on the lower back. Holding objects close to the body helps use the center of gravity for leverage.
Which group of patients is at most risk for severe injuries related to falls?
1 Adolescents
2 Older adults
3 Toddlers
4 Young children
Answer: 2.
Some older adults walk more slowly and are less coordinated. They also take smaller steps, keeping their feet closer together, which decreases the base of support. Thus body balance is unstable, and they are at greater risk for falls and injuries
A nurse plans to provide education to the parents of school-aged children and includes which of the following result of children being less physically active outside of school?
1 An increase in obesity
2 An increase in heart disease
3 Higher computer literacy
4 Improved school attendance and grades
Answer: 1.
It is increasingly clear that children are less active, resulting in an increase in childhood obesity. Strategies for physical activity incorporated early into a child’s daily routine may provide a foundation for lifetime commitment to exercise and physical fitness.
A nursing assistive personnel asks for help to transfer a patient who is 125 pounds (56.8kg) from the bed to a wheelchair. The patient is unable to assist. What is the nurse’s best response?
1 “As long as we use proper body mechanics, no one will get hurt.”
2 “The patient only weighs 125lb. You don’t need my assistance.”
3 “Call the lift-team for additional assistance.”
4 “The two of us can easily lift the patient.”
Answer: 3.
Body mechanics alone are not sufficient to prevent musculoskeletal injuries when positioning or transferring patients (see Table 38-1). Teaching the use of patient-handling equipment or the use of a lift-team in combination with proper body mechanics is more effective.
