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Flashcards in Chapter 39 Deck (28)
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1
Q

What does BWV stand for?

A

Bach Werke Verzeichnis

2
Q

Orgelbuchlein

A

a collection of 46 chorale preludes written mostly between 1708 and 1713, “little book” because paper was only 5x7

3
Q

Chorale prelude

A

an ornamented chorale tune that was played on the organ before the choir would sing the chorale, it was supposed to remind the choir the melody

4
Q

rank

A

pipes in the organ that are similar sounding

5
Q

stop

A

part in an organ that sends an airstream through those pipes

6
Q

Pedal Point

A

any sustained or continually repeated note, usually in bass

7
Q

Kapellmeister

A

director of music for the court

8
Q

two- and three-part inventions

A

two sets of contrapunctal pieces similar to fugues, each set has 15 pieces which are all in different keys, uses all 5 fingers equally, lyrical style

9
Q

The Well-Tempered Clavier

A

collection of preludes and fugues by Bach in two books, one was composed in Cothen (1720-1722) while the other was in Leipzig (1730s), each has 24 pairs of preludes and fugues, as the book moves forwards the key goes up by a half step, for harpsichord or piano

10
Q

Equal Temperament

A

a division of the octave into twelve equal half steps such as we have on the keyboard today

11
Q

Picardy third

A

shift from major to minor at the end of a piece

12
Q

Subject

A

the theme of the fugue

13
Q

Exposition (Fugue)

A

opening section of the fugue

14
Q

Countersubject

A

counterpoint to the subject, something different than the subject

15
Q

Episode

A

free section based on motives of the subject

16
Q

Invertible counterpoint

A

motive that had been in the bass is moved to the alto and the alto motive is moved to the bass

17
Q

Fugue

A

no two fugues are the same, a contrapuntal composition for 2-5 voices which starts with a presentation of a subject in imitation in each voice, continues with modulating passages of free counterpoint and further appearances of the subject, and ends with a strong affirmation of the tonic key

18
Q

Obbligato

A

a composer has written a specific part for an instrument and intends it to be played as written

19
Q

Partita (Bach)

A

Bach’s synonym for suite

20
Q

Brandenburg Concertos

A

set of 6 concertos written by Bach

21
Q

Fortspinnung

A

taking a primary musical idea and spinning it out in one seemingly unending melodic strand and uniform rhythm as Bach does at the beginning of Grandenburg Concerto No. 5

22
Q

Where was Bach born?

A

Eisenach, Germany

23
Q

Who were Bach wives?

A

Maria Barbara (his second cousin, married because of inheritance from uncle) and Anna Magdalena Wilcke (13 years apart, a soprano who worked in Cothen)

24
Q

How many children did Bach have?

A

Anna had 13 children but only 6 survived past childhood, Maria had 7 children and 4 survived past childhood

25
Q

What were Bach’s places of employment?

A

chapel servant and violinist for the Duke’s court in Weimar, organist at the Neue Kirche in Arnstadt, organist at St. Blasius in Muhlhausen, organist and Konzertmeister for Duke Wilhelm Ernst in Weimar, Kapellmeister for Prince Leopold in Cothen, Kantor at the Thomasschule and director of the collegium musicum in Leipzig

26
Q

Which genres was Bach best known for?

A

cantatas, passions, keyboard works, concerti, and mass

27
Q

Typical Bach Cantata

A

chorus, recitative, aria, chorus, recitative, aria, chorus

28
Q

Bach’s concerti grossi?

A

inspired by Torelli and Vivaldi, he used self-imitating melodic lines and ritornello form, Brandenburg Concertos