Chapter 4

Question 1

The entire group of individuals we want information about

Answer 1

Population

Question 2

A sample that includes the entire population

Answer 2

Census

Question 3

A subset of a population

Answer 3

Sample

Question 4

A sample that chooses subjects who are easiest to obtain

Answer 4

Convenience Sample

Question 5

A systematic failure of a sample to represent its population.

Answer 5

Bias

Question 6

A sample consisting of people who choose themselves by responding to a general invitation

Answer 6

Voluntary response sample

Question 7

The use of chance to select a sample

Answer 7

Random Sampling

Question 8

A sample in which every possible group of size n is equally likely to be chosen.

Answer 8

Simple Random Sampling

Question 9

Classifying the population into groups of similar individuals

Answer 9

Strata

Question 10

A sampling method where the population is first divided into homogeneous groups.

Answer 10

Stratified random sampling

Question 11

A sampling method where several heterogeneous groups are chosen at random.

Answer 11

Cluster sample

Question 12

The result of a sampling method that leaves out some part of a population.

Answer 12

Undercoverage

Question 13

Bias introduced to a sample when some of the chosen respondents fail to respond.

Answer 13

Nonresponse Bias

Question 14

Watching individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses

Answer 14

Observational Study

Question 15

Deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals to measure their responses

Answer 15

Experiment

Question 16

When two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other

Answer 16

Confounding

Question 17

A specific condition applied to the individuals in an experiment

Answer 17

Treatment

Question 18

The smallest collection of individuals to which treatments are applied

Answer 18

Experimental Units

Question 19

When the units are human beings they are normally called what

Answer 19

Subjects

Question 20

The experimental units are assigned to treatments using a process of chance

Answer 20

Random Assignment

Question 21

The experimental units are assigned to treatments completely by chance

Answer 21

Completely Random Assignment

Question 22

Questions posed to a sample of a population

Answer 22

Survey

Question 23

A value that is calculated from a sample.

Answer 23

Statistic

Question 24

A number that measures a characteristic of a population.

Answer 24

Parameter

Question 25

A sampling method where several methods are combined.

Answer 25

Multistage Sampling

Question 26

A random sample where every nth person is chosen (and n is chosen randomly, too).

Answer 26

Systematic Sampling

Question 27

The “boundary” on the size of likely sampling variability.

Answer 27

Margin of Error