Chapter 4 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What type of bond does carbon share with other elements?
Covalent bonds
What is a hydrocarbon?
Hydrogen and carbon that are connected
How much carbon is in pentose?
Five
What is an isomer?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
How can carbon skeletons differ?
Length, straight or branched (bent), position of double bond, arranged in rings
What are structural isomers?
Differ in the arrangement of covalent bonds
What are cis isomers?
Atoms on the same side of a double bond
What are trans isomers?
Atoms on different sides of a double bond
How can enantiomers vary in pharmacological effects?
The mirrored image of isomers will be ineffective (different receptors)
What is the structure of a hydroxyl group?
-HO/OH-
What is the structure of a CarBOXyl group?
-COOH
What is the structure of a CarBONyl group?
C=O
What is the structure of an Amino group?
-NH2
What is the structure of a Sulfhydryl group?
-SH
What is the structure of a phosphate group?
-OPO3^2-
What is the structure of a methyl group?
-CH3
Which functional group is a key component of ATP?
Phosphate (-OPO3^2-)
Which two functional groups are always polar?
CarBONyl and Hydroxyl
Which two functional groups act as an acid?
CarBOXyl and Phosphate
Which functional group acts as a base?
Amino
What does ATP do?
Releases energy that can be used for cell work
What is a functional group?
Groups involved with chemical reactions
What do hydrocarbons do?
Provide energy in fat molecules
Are hydrocarbons hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic
