Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 1

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

Question 2

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

covers all body surfaces both inside and out. attached to underlying connective tissue at the basement membrane. no vascular tissue/blood supply. reproduces rapidly/heals rapidly. cells are tightly packed together

Question 3

epithelial function

Answer 3

protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and senses

Question 4

location of epithelial

Answer 4

The outer layer of your skin (epidermis). The lining of your intestines. The lining of your respiratory tract.

Question 5

what are the layers of epithelial tissue

Answer 5

simple and stratified squamous, cuboidal, and columnar, pseudostratified columnar, transitional epithelium, glandular epithelium

Question 6

simple squamous

Answer 6

diffusion and flitration, blood vessels, lungs, heart, kidneys

Question 7

stratified squamous

Answer 7

protect and act as a barrier, skin, mouth, throat, esophagus

Question 8

simple cuboidal

Answer 8

secrection, glands, ovaries, kidneys

Question 9

simple columnar

Answer 9

secrete mucus and absorption, stomach, intestines, resp. tract

Question 10

pseudostratified columnar,

Answer 10

secrete mucus and propel debris out of resp. tract (cilia), nasal cavity and trachea

Question 11

transitional epithelium,

Answer 11

holds fluids, urinary bladder

Question 12

glandular epithelium

Answer 12

secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into blood
exocrine: glands with ducts, salivary, sweat
endocrine: no ducts, horomones

Question 13

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 13

cells are far apart, contains large amounts of matrix, most abundant tissue, binds structures together, provides support and protection, stores fat, produces blood cells, and fights infection

Question 14

Types of protein fibers

Answer 14

1.collagen - looks like ropes and are flexible
2.reticular - supporting network that fills spaces between organs and tissues
3.elastic - recoil after being stretched

Question 15

Loose C.T./Areolar Tissue

Answer 15

• between organs, muscles, glands, skin
• collagen fibers far apart
• binds skin to underlying organs and organs to organs, supports, and protects

Question 16

Dense/Fibrous C.T.

Answer 16

• tendons, ligaments, skin
• collagen fibers packed close together
• connect and can withstand pulling forces, slow healing because of poor blood supply

Question 17

tendons vs. ligaments

Answer 17

tendons - muscles to bones
ligaments - bones to bones

Question 18

Adipose Tissue

Answer 18

• under skin and around organs
• collagen and elastic fibers, cells filled with lipids
• storage for energy, insulation to preserve body heat, cushion

Question 19

Cartilage

Answer 19

• chondrocytes
• hyaline, elastic, and fibro

Question 20

hyaline cartilage

Answer 20

• covers ends of bones
• some collagen fibers
• reduces friction

Question 21

Elastic cartilage

Answer 21

• ear and tip of nose
• elastic fibers
• can recoil

Question 22

fibrocartilage

Answer 22

• between vertebra
• lots of collagen fibers
• can withstand compression

Question 23

bone tissue

Answer 23

• hard connective tissue (osseous)
• composed of osteocytes
• rigid due to mineral salts

Question 24

blood tissue

Answer 24

• liquid connective tissue
• circulates throughout the body
• transports food, oxygen, waste, and hormones

Question 25

What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

Answer 25

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Question 26

Skeletal muscle

Answer 26

- attached to bone or other connective tissues - voluntary (striated) - movement of the body

Question 27

Smooth muscle

Answer 27

- skin and eyes, hollow organs; stomach and intestines - involuntary, not striated - regulates the size of organs, forces fluid through tubes, controls the amount of light entering the eye, produces goose bumps in the skin

Question 28

Cardiac muscle

Answer 28

- in the heart - involuntary, striated, connected to one another by intercalated disks - pumps the blood

Question 29

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

Answer 29

- consists of neurons or nerve cells - found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves - controls and coordinates body movements - nearons: transmit signals - neuroglia: protection, support

Question 30

what is a membrane?

Answer 30

thin sheets of tissue that cover the body, line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities in hollow organs. made mostly of proteins and lipids such as phospholipids.

Question 31

Cutaneous membranes

Answer 31

- skin, integumentary system - the epidermis which is the outer epithelium tissue and dermis is the connective tissue.

Question 32

Mucous (mucosa) membranes

Answer 32

- line the insides of hollow organs that open to the outside - Mouth, rectum, reproductive, urinary

Question 33

Serous membrane

Answer 33

- lung, abdominal, and heart cavities - made of simple squamous epithelium that is on top of a loose areolar connective tissue.