Chapter 4

Question 1

A group of cells and with a common structure and function?

forms organs like the heart, liver, and lungs

Answer 1

Tissues

Question 2

the study of tissues is?

Answer 2

Histology

Question 3

what are the four types of tissues?

Answer 3

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

Question 4

what is epithelial tissue ?

Answer 4

The sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body they line internal cavities and passageways And forms certain glands

ex. skin surfaces & hollow organs

Question 5

what is connective tissue?

Answer 5

Binds the cells and organs of the body together and function in protection, Support, and transportation

ex. bone, tendons, and fat

Question 6

muscle tissue?

Answer 6

Excitable, respond to stimulation and contract to cause movenment

ex. cardiac, smooth & skeletal muscle

Question 7

what is nervous tissue?

Answer 7

excitable, carry electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

ex. brain, spinal cords, nerves

Question 8

a single cell formed by the fushion of a egg and sperm

Eggsperm

Answer 8

zygote

Question 9

the first embryonic cells are _ meaning each one has the capacity to divid, differentiate, and develop to make new organisms

Answer 9

Totipotent

Question 10

Ectoderm

ecto =
consists of?

Answer 10

Ecto = out
consists of skin cells, neurons, and pigment cells

Question 11

Mesoderm

meso =
comsists of?

Answer 11

Meso = middle
Consist of cardiac muscle, kidney, skeletal and smooth muscle, and red blood cells

Question 12

Endoderm

endo =
consists of?

Answer 12

Endo = inner
consist of lung cell, thyroid cell, pancreatic cell

Question 13

A thin layer or sheet of cells that cover the outside of the body is?

Answer 13

tissue membrane

Question 14

what is composed of connective and epithelial, tissues line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive system?

Answer 14

mucous membrane

Question 15

A epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called Mesothelium that is supported by connected tissue. lines The body cavity closer to the exterior of the body is?

Answer 15

Serous membrane

Question 16

what covers the body surface?

the skin

Answer 16

Cutaneous

Question 17

what is formed solely from connective tissue Encapsulate organs, such as kidneys in line Movable joints

Answer 17

connective tissue membrane

Question 18

a type of CT membrane that lines, the county of a freely movable joint?

Answer 18

Synovial membrane

Question 19

-covers all the surfaces of the body exposed to the outside world
-lines the outside and inside of oranges
-Form glands

Answer 19

epithelial tissue

Question 20

an epithelium that lines, hollow organs and body cavity that do not connect to the external environment?

Answer 20

endothelium

Question 21

epithelial tissue characteristics

cells that are tightly bound together with a little extra cellular matrix

Answer 21

higher cellular

Question 22

epithelial tissue characteristics

specialized intracellular connection between the plasma membrane and adjoining cells

Answer 22

cell junctions

Question 23

epithelial tissue characteristic

expose apical surface and attached basal surface

Answer 23

polar

Question 24

epithelial tissue characteristics

The base of an epithelium is bound to a basement membrane

Answer 24

attachment

Question 25

# epithelial tissue characteristics do not have blood vessels rely on decision from tissues

Answer 25

avascular

Question 26

# epithelial tissue characteristics A higher rate of cell replacement by stem cell

Answer 26

regeneration

Question 27

-bodies first line of defense from chemical, physical, and biological wear and tear -Control, permeability and allowing selective transfer of materials Across a physical barrier -Secretion of mucus and specific chemical compounds onto their Apical surface is (secrete = release)

Answer 27

functions of epithelial tissue

Question 28

# cell to cell junctions -no extra cellular space between the ages of cells, passage between cells is blocked -enables the epithelium to act as a selective barrier

Answer 28

tight junction

Question 29

# cell to cell junctions -Channel proteins of adjacent cells line up -Allows the movement of small molecules and ions from one cell to another -Coordinate function in large group of cells

Answer 29

Gap junctions

Question 30

# cell to cell junctions -Desmosomes -hemidesmosomes -Adherens

Answer 30

anchoring junctions

Question 31

attach cytoskeleton of adjecent cells

Answer 31

desmosomes

Question 32

attach a cell's cytoskeleton to basement membrane

Answer 32

Hemidesmosomes

Question 33

another junctions

Answer 33

Adherens

Question 34

secrete hormones into surrounding tissues to be picked up by the blood stream | anterior pituitary and thymus

Answer 34

Endocrine glands

Question 35

releases substance through ducts on body surfaces

Answer 35

Exocrine glands

Question 36

vesicles filled with the secretion or release through exocytosis at the surface and cell remains intact | saliva gland

Answer 36

Merocrine secretion

Question 37

The vesicles gather at the apical surface. The apical portion of the cell is released along the vesicles, but the cell remains intact. | mammary gland

Answer 37

Apocrine secretion

Question 38

The entire cell Ruptures to release this product, and the cell itself mobilebecomes part of the secretion

Answer 38

Holocrine secretion

Question 39

-most Diverse, about it, and wisely distributed of tissues -Support, protects, and binds organs -call cells, protein, fibers, and ground substanceRe

Answer 39

Connective tissue

Question 40

Surrounds the cell | can be fluid plasma of blood or mineralized and solid bone

Answer 40

ground substances

Question 41

fibers and ground substances make up?

Answer 41

extracellular matrix

Question 42

-support and connect other tissues * tendons, and ligaments -Protection * bones & adipose tissue (fat) -Defense * white blood cells -Transport * blood and lymph -Stores, fat for energy and instaulation *adipose tissue (fat)

Answer 42

connective tissue functions

Question 43

-first type of connective tissue and I developing embryo -Source of all other connective tissue cells -Adult CT often has _ stem cells to allow tissue repair

Answer 43

Mesenchyme

Question 44

# connective tissue proper - cells The most abundant cells secrete fibrous matrix

Answer 44

Fibroblast

Question 45

# connective tissue proper-cells cells that store lipids

Answer 45

Adipocytes

Question 46

# connective tissue proper - cells adult stem cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair of damaged tissue

Answer 46

Mesenchymal cell

Question 47

# Connective tissue proper - cells large cells enters the connective tissue matrix from blood vessels | * component of the immune system * Ingulfs infectious agents & cellular

Answer 47

Macrophage

Question 48

release the chemicals, histamine and heparin | * component of the immune system * Stimulate an inflammatory response

Answer 48

Mast cell

Question 49

# connective tissue proper - protein Long, straight fibers, have a great tensile strength ( won't break under tension ) resist, stretching, and giving ligaments and tendons, the characteristics, resilience and strength

Answer 49

collagen fibers

Question 50

# Connective tissue proper - protein fibers A branching net work of fibers, abundant in the reticular tissue of the liver and spleen

Answer 50

reticular fibers

Question 51

# connective tissue proper - protein fibers contains the protein elastin, after being stretched or compressed, it will return to its original shape

Answer 51

elastic fibers

Question 52

connective tissue is divided into?

Answer 52

connective tissue – loose Connective tissue – dense

Question 53

* areolar CT * adipose CT * reticular CT

Answer 53

connective tissue loose

Question 54

* regular dense CT * irregular dense CT

Answer 54

connective tissue dense

Question 55

* Compact bone tissue * cancellous bone tissue * hayaline cartilage * fibrocartilage * elastic Cartilage

Answer 55

supporting connective tissue

Question 56

* blood * lymph

Answer 56

fluid connective tissue

Question 57

what tissue is excitable ( response to stimulus ) and contractile ( generate a pulling force )

Answer 57

muscle tissue

Question 58

muscle cells are also called?

Answer 58

myocyte

Question 59

-makes up 40% of your body mass -Attached to bones -Allow for locomotion, facial expressions, poster -Cells are called fibers

Answer 59

Skeletal muscle

Question 60

… of skeletal muscle develop from Myoblasts derived from the mesoderm the … fuse together with other … to form multinucleated cells

Answer 60

Myocytes

Question 61

-forms the inner walls of the heart -Cells are called cardiomyocyte

Answer 61

Cardiac muscle

Question 62

cells attached to one another with specialized cell junctions are called … who is our combination of desmosomes, adheren junctions, and gap junctions

Answer 62

intercalated discs

Question 63

found within the walls of hollow organs | ex. stomach, bladder, blood vessels

Answer 63

smooth muscle

Question 64

located in the neurons, neurogila

Answer 64

nervous tissue

Question 65

excitable, initiate and transmit electrochemical signals

Answer 65

neurons

Question 66

what are the three main parts of a neuron

Answer 66

* cell body ( soma ) * Dendrites * Axon

Question 67

what includes most of the cytoplasm, the organelles, and the nucleus

Answer 67

cell body ( soma )

Question 68

# ``` branch off the cell body and appear as thin extension | function - receive incoming action potentials

Answer 68

Dendrites

Question 69

what is a single, long extension form of the cell body | function - transmits, outgoing, action, potentials

Answer 69

Axon

Question 70

- scattered around the neurons - do not transmit action potential - Responsible for Support and function of neurons

Answer 70

Glial cells