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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage

A

Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

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2
Q

chiropractor

A

practitioner of chiropractic

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3
Q

chiropractic

A

diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system

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4
Q

detoxification

A

removing poison from a tissue or substance

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5
Q

ligament

A

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures

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6
Q

muscle

A

a tissue consisting of cells that can contract

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7
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to the muscles and the bony skeleton

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8
Q

orthopedic

A

pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system; originally, most of the deformities treated were in children

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9
Q

orthopedist

A

specialist in orthopedics

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10
Q

osteocalcin

A

a hormone produced by bone cells

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11
Q

osteopath

A

practitioner of osteopathy

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12
Q

osteopathy

A

medical practice based on maintaining the balance of the body

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13
Q

tendon

A

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

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14
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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15
Q

chir

A

hand

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16
Q

pract

A

efficient, practical

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17
Q

-or

A

doer

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18
Q

-fication

A

remove

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19
Q

de-

A

from, out of

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20
Q

toxi

A

posion

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21
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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22
Q

muscul

A

muscle

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23
Q

skelet

A

skeleton

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24
Q

orth

A

straight

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25
Q

ped

A

child

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26
Q

-ist

A

specialist

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27
Q

-in

A

chemical compound

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28
Q

oste

A

bone

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29
Q

calc

A

calcium

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30
Q

-path

A

disease

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31
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of an organ, such as bone

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32
Q

cortical

A

pertaining to a cortex

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33
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft of a long bone

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34
Q

epiphysis

A

expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone to provide increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons

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35
Q

epiphysial

A

pertaining to an epiphysis

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36
Q

Haversian canals

A

vascular canals in bone

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37
Q

marrow

A

fatty blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones

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38
Q

medulla

A

central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

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39
Q

medullary

A

pertaining to a medulla

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40
Q

periosteum

A

strong membrane surrounding a bone

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41
Q

periosteal

A

pertaining to the periosteum

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42
Q

cortic

A

cortex

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43
Q

epi

A

above, upon

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44
Q

physis

A

growth

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45
Q

-ial

A

pertaining to

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46
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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47
Q

medulla

A

medulla

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48
Q

-um

A

structure

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49
Q

peri-

A

around

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50
Q

epiphysial plate

A

layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and the metaphysis where bone growth occurs

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51
Q

achondroplasia

A

condition with abnormal early conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism

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52
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones

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53
Q

osteomalacia

A

soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium

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54
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

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55
Q

osteopenia

A

decreased calcification of bone

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56
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition in which bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and more likely to fracture

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57
Q

rickets

A

disease due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones

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58
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

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59
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor originating in cartilage cells

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60
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells

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61
Q

-plasia

A

formation

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62
Q

a

A

without

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63
Q

chondr

A

cartilage

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64
Q

-genesis

A

creation, formation

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65
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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66
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softness

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67
Q

myel

A

bone marrow

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68
Q

-penia

A

deficient

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69
Q

-sis

A

condition

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70
Q

por

A

opening

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71
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass

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72
Q

sarc

A

flesh

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73
Q

gen

A

creation

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74
Q

in utero

A

within the womb; not yet born

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75
Q

closed (simple fracture)

A

a bone is broken, but the skin is not broken

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76
Q

open (compound fracture)

A

a fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture

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77
Q

displaced

A

the fractured bone parts are out of line

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78
Q

complete

A

a bone is broken into at least two fragments

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79
Q

incomplete

A

the fracture does not extend completely across the bone (can be hairline, as in stress fracture in the foot, when there is not separation of two fragments)

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80
Q

comminuted

A

the bone breaks into several pieces, usually two major piece and several smaller fragments

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81
Q

transverse

A

the fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone

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82
Q

impacted

A

the fracture consists of one bone fragment driven into another, resulting in shortening of a limb

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83
Q

spiral

A

the fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone

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84
Q

linear

A

the fracture runs parallel to the long axis of the bone

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85
Q

greenstick

A

this is a partial fracture. one side breaks, and the other bends

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86
Q

pathologic

A

the fracture occurs in an area of bone weakened by disease, such as cancer

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87
Q

compression

A

the fracture occurs in a vertebra from trauma or pathology, leading to the vertebra being crushed

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88
Q

stress

A

this is a fatigue fracture caused by repetitive, local stress on a bone, as occurs in marching or running

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89
Q

callus

A

bony tissue that forms at a fracture site early in healing

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90
Q

cancellous

A

bone that has a spongy or lattice-like structure

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91
Q

comminuted

A

a fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces

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92
Q

hematoma

A

collection of blood that has escaped from blood vessels into tissue

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93
Q

osteoblast

A

a bone-forming cell

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94
Q

osteocyte

A

a bone-maintaining cell

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95
Q

pathologic fracture

A

fracture occurring at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer

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96
Q

-ed

A

pertaining to

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97
Q

comminut

A

break into pieces

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98
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass

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99
Q

hemat

A

blood

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100
Q

-blast

A

immature cell

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101
Q

cyte

A

cell

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102
Q

log

A

to study

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103
Q

-ure

A

result of

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104
Q

fract

A

to break

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105
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck region

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106
Q

coccyx

A

small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column

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107
Q

foramen

A

an opening through a structure

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108
Q

kyphosis

A

a normal posterior curve of the spine that can be exaggerated in disease

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109
Q

kyphotic

A

pertaining to or suffering from kyphosis

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110
Q

lumbar

A

the region of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

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111
Q

sacrum

A

segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis

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112
Q

sacral

A

pertaining to or in the region of the sacrum

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113
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

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114
Q

scoliotic

A

pertaining to or suffering from scoliosis

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115
Q

spine

A

vertebral column or a short projection from a bone

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116
Q

spinal

A

pertaining to the spine

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117
Q

vertebra

A

one of the bones of the spinal column

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118
Q

vertebral

A

pertaining to a vertebra

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119
Q

whiplash

A

symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension, and flexion of the neck, often in an automobile accident

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120
Q

cervic

A

neck

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121
Q

-osis

A

condition

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122
Q

kyph

A

bent, humpback

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123
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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124
Q

sacr

A

sacrum

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125
Q

scoli

A

crooked

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126
Q

spin

A

spine

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127
Q

vertebr

A

vertebra

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128
Q

whip

A

to swing

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129
Q

lash

A

end of whip

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130
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest (thorax)

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131
Q

cranium

A

the upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

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132
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

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133
Q

ethmoid

A

bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells

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134
Q

lacrimal

A

lacrimal bone forms part of the medical wall of the orbit or pertaining to tears

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135
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw bone

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136
Q

mandibular

A

pertaining to the mandible

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137
Q

maxilla

A

upper jawbone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses

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138
Q

maxillary

A

pertaining to the maxilla

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139
Q

occipital

A

the back of the skull

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140
Q

palatine

A

bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits

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141
Q

parietal

A

the two bones forming the sidewalls and roof of the cranium

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142
Q

sphenoid

A

wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull

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143
Q

temporal

A

bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull

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144
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

the joint between the temporal bone an the mandible

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145
Q

zygoma

A

bone that forms the prominence of the cheek

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146
Q

zygomatic

A

pertaining to the cheekbone

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147
Q

crani

A

skull

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148
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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149
Q

ethm

A

sieve

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150
Q

lacrim

A

tears

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151
Q

mandibul

A

mandible

152
Q

maxilla

A

maxilla

153
Q

occipit

A

back of the head

154
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

155
Q

palat

A

palate

156
Q

pariet

A

wall

157
Q

sphen

A

wedge

158
Q

tempor

A

time, temple

159
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

160
Q

mandibul

A

mandible

161
Q

zygomat

A

cheekbone

162
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

163
Q

acromion

A

lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint

164
Q

acromioclavicular

A

the joint between the acromion and the clavicle

165
Q

articulate

A

two separate bones have formed a joint

166
Q

articulation

A

a joint

167
Q

clavicle

A

curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle

168
Q

clavicular

A

pertaining to the clavicle

169
Q

deformity

A

a permanent structural deviation from the normal

170
Q

dislocation

A

completely out of the joint

171
Q

humerus

A

single bone of the upper arm

172
Q

pectoral

A

pertaining to the chest

173
Q

pectoral girdle

A

incomplete bony ring that attaches to the axial skeleton

174
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

175
Q

subluxation

A

an incomplete dislocation when some contact between the joint surfaces remains

176
Q

scapular

A

pertaining to the shoulder blade

177
Q

acromi

A

acromion

178
Q

clavicul

A

clavicle

179
Q

-ate

A

composed of

180
Q

articul

A

joint

181
Q

ation

A

process

182
Q

-ity

A

condition

183
Q

de

A

change of

184
Q

form

A

appearance, form

185
Q

-ion

A

action, condition

186
Q

locat

A

place

187
Q

dis

A

apart, away from

188
Q

pector

A

chest

189
Q

scapul

A

scapula

190
Q

sub-

A

under, below, slightly

191
Q

luxat

A

dislocate

192
Q

aspiration

A

removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity

193
Q

bursa

A

a closed sac containing synovial fluid

194
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

195
Q

capititulum

A

a small head or rounded extremity of a bone

196
Q

olecranon

A

prominent, proximal extremity of ulna

197
Q

pronation

A

process of lying face down or of turning a hand or foot with the volar surface down

198
Q

prone

A

lying face down, flat on your belly

199
Q

radius

A

the forearm bone on the thumb side

200
Q

radial

A

pertaining to the radius or to any of the structures named after it

201
Q

supination

A

process of lying face upward or of turning a hand or foot so that the pam or sole is facing up

202
Q

supine

A

lying face up, flat on your spine

202
Q

trochlea

A

smooth articular surface of bone on which another glides

203
Q

trochlear

A

pertaining to a trochlea

204
Q

ulna

A

the medical and larger bone of the forearm

205
Q

ulnar

A

pertaining to the ulna or to any of the structures named after it

206
Q

aspirat

A

to breathe on

207
Q

burs

A

bursa

208
Q

lum

A

small structure

209
Q

capit

A

small head

210
Q

pronat

A

bend down

211
Q

radi

A

radius

212
Q

supinate

A

bend backward

213
Q

trochle

A

pulley

214
Q

uln

A

ulna

215
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint or joints

216
Q

carpus

A

the eight carpal bones of the wrist

216
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist

217
Q

metacarpal

A

the five bones between the carpus and the fingers

218
Q

colles fracture

A

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

219
Q

eponym

A

a procedure or a diagnosis with a name derived from the name of the person who discovered it (if it is a disease or condition) or originated it (if it is a procedure)

219
Q

metacarpophalangeal

A

the joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges

220
Q

Heberden node

A

Bony lump on the terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthritis

221
Q

osteoarthritis

A

chronic inflammatory

221
Q

phalanx

A

one of the bones of the digits (fingers or toes)

222
Q

rheumatic

A

pertaining to or characterized by rheumatism

223
Q

rheumatism

A

pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system

224
Q

rheumatiod arthritis

A

systematic disease affecting many joints

225
Q

carp

A

wrist bones

226
Q

meta-

A

after, subsequent to

227
Q

phalang

A

phalanx

228
Q

rheumat

A

a flow

229
Q

acetabulum

A

the cup-shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint

229
Q

-ism

A

condition

230
Q

femur

A

the thigh bone

231
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

232
Q

ilium

A

large wing-shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis

232
Q

ischium

A

lower and posterior part of the hip bone

232
Q

pelvis

A

basin-shaped ring of bones, ligaments, and muscles at the base of the spine. (also any basin-shaped cavity like the pelvis of the kidney)

232
Q

ischial

A

pertaining to the ischium

232
Q

pubis

A

alternative name for pubic bone

232
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

the joint between the sacrum and the ilium

232
Q

pelv

A

pelvis

232
Q

symphysis

A

two bones joined by fibrocartilage; in this case, the two pubic bones

232
Q

pubic

A

pertaining to the pubic bone

232
Q

femor

A

femur

232
Q

ischi

A

ischium, hip bone

232
Q

pub

A

pubis

232
Q

ili

A

ilium

232
Q

arthrodesis

A

fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery

232
Q

brace

A

appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position

232
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

233
Q

radiology

A

the study of medical imaging

233
Q

diastasis

A

separation of normally joined parts

233
Q

arthrodesis

A

fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery

233
Q

stable

A

steady, not varying

233
Q

radiologist

A

medical specialist in the use of x-rays and other imaging techniques

233
Q

stabilize

A

to make or hold firm and steady

233
Q

-logy

A

study of

233
Q

-desis

A

to fuse together

233
Q

radi

A

radiation, x-rays

233
Q

-ize

A

action

233
Q

-logist

A

one who studies, specialist

234
Q

stabil

A

steady, fixed

235
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgery to repair, as far as possible, the function of a joint

236
Q

avascular

A

without blood supply

237
Q

labrum

A

cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint

238
Q

necrosis

A

pathologic death of cells or tissue

239
Q

necrotic

A

pertaining to or affected by necrosis

240
Q

prosthesis

A

an artificial part to remedy a defect in the body

241
Q

prosthetic

A

pertaining to a prosthesis

242
Q

-desis

A

to fuse together

243
Q

-plasty

A

reshaping by surgery

244
Q

necr

A

death

245
Q

prosthet

A

prosthesis

246
Q

vascul

A

blood vessel

247
Q

collateral

A

situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction

248
Q

cruciate

A

shaped like a cross. In this case, the two internal ligaments of the knee joint cross over each other to form an “X”

249
Q

fibula

A

the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

250
Q

fibular

A

pertaining to the fibula

251
Q

meniscus

A

disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint, in this case, the knee joint

252
Q

patella

A

thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint, embedded in the patellae tendon

253
Q

patellar

A

pertaining to the patella bone or the tendon

254
Q

tibial

A

pertaining to the tibia

254
Q

rupture

A

break or tear of any body part

255
Q

tibia

A

the larger bone of the lower leg

256
Q

later

A

side

256
Q

co

A

together

257
Q

patell

A

patella

257
Q

fibul

A

fibula

258
Q

tibi

A

tibia

258
Q

medial

A

nearer to the middle

259
Q

arhtrocentesis

A

aspiration of fluid from a joint

259
Q

arthrography

A

x-ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint

260
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint

260
Q

arthroscope

A

endoscope used to examine the interior of a joint

261
Q

bursa

A

a closed sac containing synovial fluid

261
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

261
Q

debridement

A

the removal of injured or necrotic tissue

262
Q

hyperflextion

A

flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits

263
Q

meniscectomy

A

excision (cutting out) of all or part of a meniscus

264
Q

prepatellar

A

In front of the patella

265
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

266
Q

-centesis

A

puncture

267
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

268
Q

-scopy

A

the process of using an instrument to examine visually

269
Q

-scope

A

instrument to examine visually

270
Q

burs

A

bursa

271
Q

de

A

removal, out of

272
Q

hyper

A

excessive

273
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical excision

274
Q

menisc

A

crescent, emniscus

275
Q

pre

A

before, in front of

276
Q

tendin

A

tendon

277
Q

-ion

A

action, condition

278
Q

bunion

A

a swelling at the base of the big toe

279
Q

hallux valgus

A

deviation of the big toe toward the medial side fo the foot

279
Q

calcaneal

A

pertaining to the calcaneus

279
Q

calcaneus

A

bone of the tarsus that forms the heel

280
Q

mestatarsus

A

the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges

280
Q

metatarsal

A

pertaining to the metatarsus

281
Q

podiatry

A

the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

281
Q

podiatrist

A

practitioner of podiatry

282
Q

pott fracture

A

fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often with fracture of the tibial malleolus

283
Q

talus

A

the tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint

284
Q

tarsus

A

the collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep

285
Q

tarsal

A

pertaining to the tarsus

286
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

287
Q

calcan

A

calcaneus

288
Q

hallux

A

big toe

289
Q

valgus

A

turn out

290
Q

-us

A

pertaining to

291
Q

tars

A

ankle

292
Q

iatry

A

treatment

293
Q

pod

A

foot

294
Q

-iatrist

A

practitioner

295
Q

amputation

A

process of removing a limb, a part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part

296
Q

biopsy

A

process of removing tissue from a living person for laboratory examination

297
Q

bisphosphonate

A

a class of drugs used to prevent and treat fragile bones, drug that delays the rate of bone resporation

298
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment using chemical agens

298
Q

cyrosurgery

A

use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in surgery to freeze and kill abnormal tissue

299
Q

estrogen

A

generic term for hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics

300
Q

glucose

A

the final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in blood

301
Q

incision

A

a cut or surgical wound

302
Q

incisional

A

pertaining to an incision

303
Q

radiotherapy

A

treatment using radiation

304
Q

amput

A

to prune, top off

305
Q

-opsy

A

to view

306
Q

bio

A

life

307
Q

-ate

A

composed of

308
Q

bi

A

two

309
Q

phos

A

phosphate

310
Q

phon

A

sounds like

311
Q

therapy

A

medical treatment

312
Q

chem

A

chemical

313
Q

-ery

A

process of

314
Q

cry

A

icy cold

315
Q

surg

A

operate

316
Q

estr

A

woman

317
Q

-ose

A

full of

318
Q

gluc

A

sugar, glucose

319
Q

incis

A

cut into

320
Q

acetaminophen

A

medication that modifies or relieves pain

321
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones

322
Q

corticosteroids

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortext

323
Q

inhibitu

A

to curb or restrain

324
Q

inhibitor

A

agent that curbs or restrainsin

325
Q

intra-articular

A

pertaining to the inside of a joint

326
Q

in

A

chemical compound

327
Q

calci

A

calcium

328
Q

ton

A

tension, pressure

329
Q

-oid

A

resembling

330
Q

cortic

A

cortisone

331
Q

ster

A

steroid

332
Q

intra

A

inside

333
Q

articul

A

joint

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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