Chapter 4 Flashcards
cartilage
Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints
chiropractor
practitioner of chiropractic
chiropractic
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system
detoxification
removing poison from a tissue or substance
ligament
band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures
muscle
a tissue consisting of cells that can contract
musculoskeletal
pertaining to the muscles and the bony skeleton
orthopedic
pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system; originally, most of the deformities treated were in children
orthopedist
specialist in orthopedics
osteocalcin
a hormone produced by bone cells
osteopath
practitioner of osteopathy
osteopathy
medical practice based on maintaining the balance of the body
tendon
fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
-ic
pertaining to
chir
hand
pract
efficient, practical
-or
doer
-fication
remove
de-
from, out of
toxi
posion
-al
pertaining to
muscul
muscle
skelet
skeleton
orth
straight
ped
child
-ist
specialist
-in
chemical compound
oste
bone
calc
calcium
-path
disease
cortex
outer portion of an organ, such as bone
cortical
pertaining to a cortex
diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
epiphysis
expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone to provide increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons
epiphysial
pertaining to an epiphysis
Haversian canals
vascular canals in bone
marrow
fatty blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones
medulla
central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex
medullary
pertaining to a medulla
periosteum
strong membrane surrounding a bone
periosteal
pertaining to the periosteum
cortic
cortex
epi
above, upon
physis
growth
-ial
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
medulla
medulla
-um
structure
peri-
around
epiphysial plate
layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and the metaphysis where bone growth occurs
achondroplasia
condition with abnormal early conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism
osteogenesis imperfecta
inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones
osteomalacia
soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
osteopenia
decreased calcification of bone
osteoporosis
condition in which bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and more likely to fracture
rickets
disease due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones
sarcoma
malignant tumor originating in connective tissue
chondrosarcoma
malignant tumor originating in cartilage cells
osteogenic sarcoma
malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells
-plasia
formation
a
without
chondr
cartilage
-genesis
creation, formation
-itis
inflammation
-malacia
abnormal softness
myel
bone marrow
-penia
deficient
-sis
condition
por
opening
-oma
tumor, mass
sarc
flesh
gen
creation
in utero
within the womb; not yet born
closed (simple fracture)
a bone is broken, but the skin is not broken
open (compound fracture)
a fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture
displaced
the fractured bone parts are out of line
complete
a bone is broken into at least two fragments
incomplete
the fracture does not extend completely across the bone (can be hairline, as in stress fracture in the foot, when there is not separation of two fragments)
comminuted
the bone breaks into several pieces, usually two major piece and several smaller fragments
transverse
the fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone
impacted
the fracture consists of one bone fragment driven into another, resulting in shortening of a limb
spiral
the fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone
linear
the fracture runs parallel to the long axis of the bone
greenstick
this is a partial fracture. one side breaks, and the other bends
pathologic
the fracture occurs in an area of bone weakened by disease, such as cancer
compression
the fracture occurs in a vertebra from trauma or pathology, leading to the vertebra being crushed
stress
this is a fatigue fracture caused by repetitive, local stress on a bone, as occurs in marching or running
callus
bony tissue that forms at a fracture site early in healing
cancellous
bone that has a spongy or lattice-like structure
comminuted
a fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces
hematoma
collection of blood that has escaped from blood vessels into tissue
osteoblast
a bone-forming cell
osteocyte
a bone-maintaining cell
pathologic fracture
fracture occurring at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer
-ed
pertaining to
comminut
break into pieces
-oma
tumor, mass
hemat
blood
-blast
immature cell
cyte
cell
log
to study
-ure
result of
fract
to break
cervical
pertaining to the neck region
coccyx
small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column
foramen
an opening through a structure
kyphosis
a normal posterior curve of the spine that can be exaggerated in disease
kyphotic
pertaining to or suffering from kyphosis
lumbar
the region of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis
sacrum
segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis
sacral
pertaining to or in the region of the sacrum
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
scoliotic
pertaining to or suffering from scoliosis
spine
vertebral column or a short projection from a bone
spinal
pertaining to the spine
vertebra
one of the bones of the spinal column
vertebral
pertaining to a vertebra
whiplash
symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension, and flexion of the neck, often in an automobile accident
cervic
neck
-osis
condition
kyph
bent, humpback
-tic
pertaining to
sacr
sacrum
scoli
crooked
spin
spine
vertebr
vertebra
whip
to swing
lash
end of whip
thoracic
pertaining to the chest (thorax)
cranium
the upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain
cranial
pertaining to the skull
ethmoid
bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells
lacrimal
lacrimal bone forms part of the medical wall of the orbit or pertaining to tears
mandible
lower jaw bone
mandibular
pertaining to the mandible
maxilla
upper jawbone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses
maxillary
pertaining to the maxilla
occipital
the back of the skull
palatine
bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits
parietal
the two bones forming the sidewalls and roof of the cranium
sphenoid
wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull
temporal
bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull
temporomandibular joint
the joint between the temporal bone an the mandible
zygoma
bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
zygomatic
pertaining to the cheekbone
crani
skull
-oid
resembling
ethm
sieve
lacrim
tears