Chapter 4 Flashcards
Exam 2 (22 cards)
Socialization
Lifelong process by which people learn the attitudes, values and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture
Cultural Knowledge
Learned in interaction with others
Agents of Socialization
Groups in which socialization takes place
- Family: they teach you to tie shoes & know difference between right and wrong
- School: includes coaching/piano lessons, teaches you to read & to learn to value being evaluated
- Peer groups: teach you appropriate gender roles & how to be chill
- Mass media/social media: teach you the weather forecast & the milk crate challenge
- The workplace: teach you workplace folkways (always stop and chat with superior) & job-specific skills
- Religion and the state: they teach you when it’s proper to start to drive/drink/retire & other rites of passage depending on religion
Anticipatory Socialization
Processes of socialization in which a person rehearses for future positions, occupations, and social relationships
Degradation Ceremony
An aspect of the socialization process within some total institutions, in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals
Double Consciousness
The division of an individual’s identity into two or more social realities
Dramaturgical Approach
A view in social interaction, popularized by Erving Goffman, in which people are seen as theatrical performers
Face-Work
A term used by Erving Goffman to refer to the efforts people make to maintain the proper image and avoid public embarrassment
Gender Role
Expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females
Generalized Other
A term used by George Herbert Mead to refer to the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior
Looking-Glass Self
A concept used by Charles Horton Cooley that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interactions
Resocialization
The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition into one’s life
Rite of Passage
A ritual marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another
Role Taking
The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint
Self
According to George Herbert Mead, a distinct identity that sets us apart from others
Mead’s Stages of the Self
- Preparatory: the child imitates the behaviors of others
- Play: the child begins to formulate role expectations (playing house, cops and robbers, etc)
- Game: The child learns there are rules that specific the proper and correct relationship among the players
Significant Other
A term used by George Herbert Mead to refer to an individual who is most important in the development of the self, such as a parent, friend, or teacher
Socialization
The lifelong process in which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture
Total Institution
A term coined by Erving Goffman to refer to an institution that regulates all aspects of a person’s life under a single authority, such as a prison, the military, a mental hospital, or a convent
Charles Horton Cooley
By studying everyday social interactions between people, one could begin to better understand why people behave as they do
George Herbert Mead
Theory of the emergence of mind and self out of the social process of significant communication has become the foundation of the symbolic interactionist school of sociology and social psychology
Freud
Natural impulses versus “societal constraints” - people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints
