Chapter 4

Question 1

It’s the formation of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Answer 1

Cell Division

Question 2

A new cells necessary for growth and tissue repair

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 2

A sex cells for reproduction

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 2

General steps of mitosis involves:

Answer 2

1. The genetic material within the cell is replicated.
2. The cell divides to form two
   daughter cells with the same amount
   and type of DNA as the parent cell.

Question 2

All body cells, except those that give rise to sex cells, divide by_____.

Answer 2

mitosis

Question 2

The genetic material within the cell is _____.

Answer 2

replicated

Question 2

Stages of Mitosis and Cell Division

Answer 2

Interphase
Prophase
Prometaphase (Late prophase)
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 2

It is the time between cell divisions.

Answer 2

Interphase

Question 3

_____ is found as thin threads of
chromatin in the nucleus.

Answer 3

DNA

Question 3

DNA Replication occurs during
______.

Answer 3

interphase

Question 4

Each chromosome consists of two
chromatids joined at the
_______.

Answer 4

centromere.

Question 4

In ______, the chromatin
condenses into chromosomes.

Answer 4

Prophase

Question 4

The centrioles move to the
opposite ends of the cell, and the
nucleolus and the nuclear
envelope disappear.

Answer 4

Prophase

Question 5

Nuclear membrane breaks down
Kinetochore microtubule invade
nuclear space, and attached to
kinetochore.
Polar microtubules push against
each other, moving centrosomes
apart.

Answer 5

Prometaphase

Question 5

In________, the chromatids separate to form two sets of identical chromosomes.

Answer 5

anaphase

Question 5

______ invade nuclear space, and attached to kinetochore.

Answer 5

Kinetochore microtubule

Question 5

__________push against each other, moving centrosomes apart.

Answer 5

Polar microtubules

Question 5

In _______, the chromosomes
align in the center of the cell in
association with the spindle fiber.

Answer 5

metaphase

Question 6

The chromosomes, assisted by the
_______, move toward the
centrioles at each end of the cell.

Answer 6

spindle fibers

Question 7

The nuclear envelopes and the
nucleoli form.

Answer 7

telophase

Question 7

In _______, the chromosomes
disperse.

Answer 7

telophase

Question 7

______is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.

Answer 7

Cytokinesis

Question 8

The cytoplasm begins to divide to
form two cells.

Answer 8

telophase

Question 9

In _______, Homologous chromosomes
segregate.

Answer 9

Meiosis I

Question 9

In _______, sister chromatids segregate.

Answer 9

Meiosis II

Question 10

Cells that will undergo meiosis are called ________and are diploid (2N).

Answer 10

meiocytes

Question 11

It is called reductional division because it reduces the number of chromosomes inherited in each of the daughter cells. It is further divided into Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I. In Prophase I and Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes pair up with each other , or synapse, and are called bivalents.

Answer 11

MEIOSIS I – REDUCTIONAL DIVISION

Question 12

During Prophase I, the homologous chromosomes pair together and form a ___________.

Answer 12

synaptonemal complex

Question 13

A____ is a place where DNA repair enzymes break the DNA of two non-sister chromatids in similar locations and then covalently reattach non-sister chromatids together to create a crossover between non-sister chromatids.

Answer 13

crossover

Question 14

________ occurs within the synaptonemal complex.

Answer 14

Crossing over

Question 15

______resembles mitosis, with one sister chromatid from each chromosome separating to produce two daughter cells

Answer 15

Meiosis II

Question 15

There are two types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 15

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 16

These are polymers of nucleotides.

Answer 16

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 16

The nitrogen bases in nucleotides consist of two general types:

Answer 16

Purines: adenine (A) and guanine (G) Pyrimidines: cytosine (C), thymine (T) and Uracil (U)

Question 17

_________is capable of storing, copying, and transmitting the genetic information in a cell.

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

_____functions for protein synthesis.

Answer 18

RNA

Question 19

X-ray crystallography

Answer 19

Wilkins & Franklin (1952)

Question 20

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer 20

Double Helix Model

Question 21

PROPERTIES OF A DNA DOUBLE HELIX

Answer 21

The strands of DNA are antiparallel The strands are complimentary There are Hydrogen bond forces

Question 21

Process of making copies of DNA. A Semiconservative process.

Answer 21

Replication

Question 22

Refers to the process by which genetic information in DNA is transferred to an RNA molecule. This genetic information has to be copied from DNA since it cannot leave the nucleus due to its size.

Answer 22

Transcription

Question 23

It is the process of converting the information in messenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids that make a protein.

Answer 23

TRANSLATION: RNA to PROTEIN

Question 24

A small ribosomal unit of rRNA is attached to mRNA carrying the ________ that is being capsulated in large ribosomal unit.

Answer 24

codon

Question 25

_____is composed of a sequence of three nucleotide (triplet) in mRNA

Answer 25

Codon

Question 25

Each tRNA has anticodon.

Answer 25

Anticodon

Question 25

is a sequence of three nucleotide bases that can base-pair or compliment with a specific mRNA codon

Answer 25

Anticodon