Chapter 4

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

the set of moral principles or values that defnes right and wrong for a person or group

Question 2

Ethical behavior

Answer 2

behavior that conforms to a society’s accepted principles of right and wrong

Question 3

Workplace deviance

Answer 3

unethical behavior that violates organizational norms about right and wrong

Question 4

Production deviance

Answer 4

unethical behavior that hurts the quality and quantity of work produced

Question 5

Property deviance

Answer 5

unethical behavior aimed at the organization’s property or products

Question 6

Employee shrinkage

Answer 6

employee theft of company merchandise

Question 7

Personal aggression

Answer 7

hostile or aggressive behavior toward others

Question 8

Political deviance

Answer 8

using one’s infuence to harm others in the company

Question 9

Ethical intensity

Answer 9

the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue

Question 10

Magnitude of consequences

Answer 10

the total harm or beneft derived from an ethical decision

Question 11

Social consensus agreement

Answer 11

on whether behavior is bad or good

Question 12

Probability of effect

Answer 12

the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others

Question 13

Temporal immediacy

Answer 13

the time between an act and the consequences the act produces

Question 14

Proximity of effect

Answer 14

the social psychological cultural or physical distance between a decision maker and those affected by his or her decisions

Question 15

Concentration of effect

Answer 15

the total harm or beneft that an act produces on the average person

Question 16

Preconventional level of moral development

Answer 16

the frst level of moral development in which people make decisions based on selfsh reasons

Question 17

Conventional level of

Answer 17

moral development the second level of moral development in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectations

Question 18

Principle of long-term

Answer 18

self-interest an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not in your or your organization’s long-term self-interest

Question 19

Postconventional level

Answer 19

of moral development the third level of moral development in which people make decisions based on internalized principles

Question 20

Principle of personal

Answer 20

virtue an ethical principle that holds that you should never do anything that is not honest open and truthful and that you would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers or on TV

Question 21

Principle of religious injunctions

Answer 21

an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not kind and that does not build a sense of community

Question 22

Principle of government

Answer 22

requirements an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that violates the law for the law represents the minimal moral standard

Question 23

Principle of utilitarian

Answer 23

benefts an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that does not result in greater good for society

Question 24

Principle of individual

Answer 24

rights an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that infringes on others’ agreed-upon rights

Question 25

Principle of distributive

Answer 25

justice an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that harms the least fortunate among us: the poor the uneducated the unemployed

Question 26

Overt integrity test

Answer 26

a written test that estimates job applicants’ honesty by directly asking them what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors

Question 27

Personality-based

Answer 27

integrity test a written test that indirectly estimates job applicants’ honesty by measuring psychological traits such as dependability and conscientiousness

Question 28

Whistleblowing reporting

Answer 28

others’ ethics violations to management or legal authorities

Question 29

Social responsibility

Answer 29

a business’s obligation to pursue policies make decisions and take actions that beneft society

Question 30

Shareholder model

Answer 30

a view of social responsibility that holds that an organization’s overriding goal should be proft maximization for the beneft of shareholders

Question 31

Stakeholder model

Answer 31

a theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management’s most important responsibility long-term survival is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders

Question 32

Stakeholders persons or

Answer 32

groups with a “stake” or legitimate interest in a company’s actions

Question 33

Secondary stakeholder

Answer 33

any group that can infuence or be infuenced by a company and can affect public perceptions about the company’s socially responsible behavior

Question 34

Primary stakeholder any

Answer 34

group on which an organization relies for its long-term survival

Question 35

Legal responsibility

Answer 35

a company’s social responsibility to obey society’s laws and regulations

Question 36

Economic responsibility

Answer 36

a company’s social responsibility to make a proft by producing a valued product or service

Question 37

Ethical responsibility

Answer 37

a company’s social responsibility not to violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its business

Question 38

Discretionary responsibilities

Answer 38

the social roles that a company fulflls beyond its economic legal and ethical responsibilities

Question 39

Social responsiveness

Answer 39

refers to a company’s strategy to respond to stakeholders’ economic legal ethical or discretionary expectations concerning social responsibility

Question 40

Reactive strategy

Answer 40

a social responsiveness strategy in which a company does less than society expects

Question 41

Defensive strategy

Answer 41

a social responsiveness strategy in which a company admits responsibility for a problem but does the least required to meet societal expectations

Question 42

Proactive strategy

Answer 42

a social responsiveness strategy in which a company anticipates a problem before it occurs and does more than society expects to take responsibility for and address the problem

Question 43

Accommodative strategy

Answer 43

a social responsiveness strategy in which a company accepts responsibility for a problem and does all that society expects to solve that problem