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Psy 220 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Rijken(2009)

A

Potential parents report little deliberation about timing of child bearing, career-oriented people tend to not to actively choose to postpone childbearing

Deliberation begins when parents are ready to start
50% are planned

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2
Q

The decision to remain childless

A
  • Active choice or happen more passively
  • Couples w/o children report higher marital satisfaction, more freedom and higher standards of living
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3
Q

Cost of childrearing

A

-Cost reduce by the 3rd child
Slightly higher cost for single child
Average expense: $292k

-important to consider when having a child

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4
Q

conception

A

Occurs when sperm and egg unite
(Zygote)

One in four can’t have conception

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5
Q

Infertility

A

Not being able to get pregnant after a year of trying

Equal likely to be traced to man and woman

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6
Q

Fertility treatment

A

Prescrption drugs to stimulate follicular in the females, artificial insemination, and IVF

IVF cost around 12k - 15k
40% in women under 35, 5% success rate in women between 43 - 44
Happy with the treatment even if they don’t get pregnant

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7
Q

Prenatal Development

Germinal Period

A
  • First two weeek of pregnancy
  • 8% - 50% of pregencies result in miscarriage during this period
  • Zygote becomes blastocyst(150 cells)
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8
Q

Prenatal Development

Embryonic period

A
  • Organ system development
  • 3rd to 8th week of pregnancy
  • Organogensis and cell differentation begin to take place

Early brain development occur between 18-26 days after conception

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9
Q

Sex differentation

A

begins during the 7th and 8th weeks of gestation.

The testes secrete testosterone, develops male reporductive system. Absence of this hormones, the embryo devleop a female reproductive system.

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10
Q

prenatal development

Fatal period

A
  • Brain development
  • 9th week to birth
  • Proliferation (lots of cells form)
  • migration (moves to their respected place)
  • differentiation (cell change into particular type)
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11
Q

Amniocentesis(15 - 20 weeks)

A

A test that checks for defects, genetic conditions

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12
Q

Prenatal evnironmental

Fetal programming

A

Environmental events and maternal conditions during pregnancy may alter genetic expression of embryo

1st gen smoking affects 2nd and 3rd generation baby

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13
Q

Terateogen

A

Any disease, drugs, or agent that harm a developing feteus

15% new borns experience mild effects, 3% experience significant
Effects are worse during sensitive period( 3 -12 weeks)

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14
Q

Common Teratogens

Drugs

A

Tobacco —-> Misscarriage
Alcohol —-> ADHD
Chemo Drugs —-> attacks cells directly

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15
Q

Common Teratogens

Dieases and infections

A

Gestational diabetes —-> Premature birth
AIDS/HIV —-> New born has the disease
Exposure to Rubella —–> Vision or hearing defects

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16
Q

Common Teratogens

Envrionmental

A

Radiation —> higher chnace of develping cancer
Pollutions —-> cognitive difficulty

17
Q

Common teratogens

Stress

A

May stunt fatal growth
Associated with more irritability anxiety new borns

Affects female more than male

18
Q

Common teratogens

Depression

A

Preterm delivery and motor delays in new born

19
Q

Prenatal Nurition

A

Severe malnutrition during pregancy result in small, underweight newborns

20
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Neural tube defects

US and Canada have/forced enrich cereal with folate to decline neural tube defects

21
Q

Perinatal environmental

A

Environment surrounds the birthing process including durgs given during labor and social environmental following birth

22
Q

3 stages of childbirth

A
  1. Mother experiences regular contractions( no rush to hospital)
  2. Delivery of the child(“Main act”)
  3. Delivery of the placenta
23
Q

Hazards of childbirth

Anoxia

A

Loss of oxygen supply to the fetus

24
Q

Harzards of childbirth

C- section

A

sometimes not planned which can lead to more stress

25
Q

postpartum depression

A

Feeling tearful, moody, and anxious in the first few days after birth, becomes clinical deprssion after 2 weeks

affects 15 - 20%

26
Q

Low birth weight

A

Greater risk for blindess, deafness, autism, respiratoy problems

Can benefit from mother’s milk, skin to skin contact

27
Q

Apgar Test

A

Quickly access the how well is the child
Scores of 7 or higher are desirable
Scores of 4 or lower are at risk

They look at Heart rate, respiractory effort, muscle tones, color, reflex irritability

28
Q

Kauai(Hawaii)

A

Reserached showed that 1/3 of children identifiied as at-risk for developmental issues showed resilience

Depends on the enviornment and personal resources

29
Q

Highest fetal death rates

A

14 years of age or younger

Psy 220 (9 decks)

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