Chapter 4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
a process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds
Obligate Aerobe
an organism that must have oxygen to live
Obligate Anaerobe
an organism that cannot survive in an environment with oxygen
Glycolysis
splits glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules and releases energy (used to make ATP)
Pyruvate Oxidation
pyruvate is oxidized to form Acetyl CoA
Citric Acid Cycle
a cycle of reactions that produces ATP and energy carrier molecules
Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation
uses energy carrier molecules to make ATP
Mitochondria
cell organelle involved in the production of ATP
Where does ETC and Oxidative
Phosphorylation in the mitochondria?
the inner membrane
Where does Citric Acid Cycle and
Pyruvate Oxidation take place in the mitochondria?
within the Matrix (fluid inside inner membrane)
Anaerobic Respiration
harvesting energy from food molecules without using oxygen
What do you do with pyruvate energy?
Pyruvate oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle help to harvest the remaining available energy
What is Electron Transport Chain?
a series of membrane bound molecules that transfers electrons
What happens in Complex I?
Oxidizes NADH (loses electrons)
into NAD+ and Hydrogen atoms are pumped across the membrane as electrons move through the complex
What happens in Complex II?
FADH2 is oxidized by complex II and donates electrons Energy from electrons is used to pump protons across the membrane
What does the Ubiquinone do?
Ubiquinone (UQ) is used to move electrons from complex I and complex II to Complex III
What happens in Complex III?
Complex III transfers the electrons to Cytochrome C which can then move electrons to Complex IV
What happens in Complex IV?
Electrons combine with Hydrogen ions and an oxygen atom to form water
What is true about the electronegativity in the ETC?
It becomes more electronegative as it goes through.
What drives ETC?
The chain reaction
What is the chain reaction?
Oxygen causes complex IV to steal electrons from complex III which then steals electrons from complex II which then steals electrons from complex I which then steals electrons from NADH
What is Chemiosmosis?
Proton gradient created by the ETC drives ATP synthesis
What are metabolic rates?
the amount of energy that is expended per unit time in an organism
What is Basal Metabolic Rate?
the metabolic rate of an organism at rest
