Chapter 4 Flashcards
A tour of the Cell (39 cards)
Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.
Compare: They both have Plasma membrane, Cytosol/Cytoplasm, all cells contain chromosomes which is carrying the DNA, all cells have ribosomes.
Contrast: They differentiate with where the DNA is located. For EU Cells it is located within a membrane enclose organelle calle the nucleus. While PR cells have it in a region that is not membrane enclosed called the nucleoid.
PR: Do not have membrane enclosed organelles but some parts are surround by proteins not membranes. Usually very small.
EU: Have membrane enclosed organelles. Much bigger than PR Cells.
What are the 4 things that all living cells must have?
Plasma membrane, Cytosol, all cells contain chromosomes which is carrying the DNA, all cells have ribosomes.
What is a Prokaryotic cell?
This is a type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.
What is a Eukaryotic Cells? What are the four types?
A type of cell with membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protist, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes. There are four types which are protist, plants, fungi, and animals. There DNA is found in the nucleus.
Describe the process by which a substance is transferred between different parts of the endomembrane system.
They transfer by using vesicles whihc is sacs made of membrane.
Describe the general structure and function of Plasma Membrane. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
The Plasma membrane or cell membrane is a selective barrier that protects the inside of a cell from the outside environment. Regulates the cells’ chemical composition. consists of a double layer(bilayer) of phospholipids. This is found in all living cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Cell Wall . Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
Outer layer that maintains cell’s shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein. found in plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Cytoplasm. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
The contents of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus.
* Cytosol is the liquid within all living cells. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
Found in all living cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Nucleus. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
Where the genetic material in stored. This is a membrane enclosed organelle that contain the genetic information and is usually only found in eukaryotic cells.
What is the Endomembrane System?
These are all organelles inside or surrounding a EU cell. Includes the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, the smooth and rough er, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles.
What is a Chromatin?
Chromatin is a material consisting of DNA and proteins, visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes. In the Nucleus. The complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes is this. ER CELLS
What are the Chromosomes and where could they be found?
HAs one DNA molecule and associate protein molecules.
linear and multiple of them are Located in the nucleus for EU cells and for PR singular and circular chromosomes are they are in the nucleoid region.
What is the Nucleolus?
It is a Non membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli. Found in the Nucleus. ER CELLS
What is a Nucleoid?
The Nucleoid is a region in which DNA is concentrated that is not a membrane-enclosed within a prokaryotic cell.
What are organelles? Can you name the major organelles?
Organelles are any of several kinds of membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum . Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
A network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes. Found in Both animal and plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
A network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes. Found in Both animal and plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Golgi apparatus. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products. Found in both animal and plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Mitochondria. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
Organelle where cellular respiration occurs, and most ATP is generated.
Found in both animal and plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Chloroplasts. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
photosynthetic organelle: converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules. found in plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Ribosome. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
small brown dots: complexes that makes proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope. Found in both animal and plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Lysosome. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
This is a digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed. Found in animal cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Vacuole. Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
Prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of the vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth. Found in Plant cells.
Describe the general structure and function of Peroxisome . Where would this organelle be found in eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells and animal and/or plant cells?
Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct and then converts it to water. Found in both animal and plant cells.
