chapter 4

Question 1

gender

Answer 1

a socially constructed concept that we learn through socialization within a specific culture

Question 2

sex

Answer 2

`refers to physical and sexual characteristics

Question 3

gender ideology

Answer 3

Gender binary: where we believe in 2 gender options; male and female

Question 4

individual level of gender inequality

Answer 4

focuses on how gender influences individual behaviors

Question 5

interactional level of gender inequality

Answer 5

focuses on social interactions and interpersonal relationships (where we discuss gender meanings)

Question 6

institutional level

Answer 6

focuses on how social institutions are organizes (gender starts to become a part of how we are socially developed

Question 7

patriarchy

Answer 7

a section or organization where men have higher status than women, that provides the foundation from which societies create and maintain gender inequality.
- men hold almost all across society
- male centered -> when it prioritizes the activities and beliefs of men

Question 8

sexual violence

Answer 8

sexual act committed against someone without a person’s freely given consent

Question 9

rape culture

Answer 9

social norms, cultural practices, and social institutions condone men’s objectification of and access to women’s bodies

Question 10

Title IX

Answer 10

1972

Question 11

Violence Against Women Act

Answer 11

1994

Question 12

Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay ACt

Answer 12

2009

Question 13

Women’s March

Answer 13

2017

Question 14

First women (an person of color) as Vice President

Answer 14

2021

Question 15

Gender

Answer 15

A socially constructed concept that we learn through socialization within a specific culture; not something we innately are (like our sex) but something we do

Question 16

gender binary

Answer 16

The idea that there are only two categories of people: female-bodied feminine people and male-bodied masculine people

Question 17

gender ideology

Answer 17

the dominant belief system about how gender should be organized and practiced

Question 18

gender policing

Answer 18

The enforcement of culturally accepted gender norms

Question 19

gender socializing

Answer 19

the process through which we learn gender norms and expectations

Question 20

Gender wage gap

Answer 20

The difference between the incomes of women and men who work year-round, full-time

Question 21

gendered based acitivism

Answer 21

Social activism focused on various forms of gender inequality, ranging from interpersonal to institutional

Question 22

gendered social problems

Answer 22

social problems that have strong gendered patterns

Question 23

glass ceiling

Answer 23

The institutional barriers within a workplace hierarchy that prevent women from reaching upper-level positions

Question 24

glass escalator

Answer 24

A term used to explain how when men enter female-dominated professions, like nursing, elementary education, social work, and library science, they experience advantages in pay, promotions, and support from colleagues and supervisors

Question 25

intersectionality

Answer 25

The idea that our social identities—particularly marginalized identities—intersect in important and consequential ways; also the recognition that many social structures interact to determine life chances

Question 26

patriarchial culture

Answer 26

A form of organization, in which men have higher status than women, that provides the foundation from which societies create and maintain gender inequality

Question 27

pornification of culture

Answer 27

The dominance of pornographic imagery and values in popular culture; women are almost always the targets of pornified images.

Question 28

rape culture

Answer 28

A culture in which social norms, cultural practices, and social institutions condone men’s objectification of and access to women’s bodies

Question 29

sex

Answer 29

our physical, sexual characteristics

Question 30

sexual harassment

Answer 30

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature, or offensive remarks about a person’s gender

Question 31

sexual objectification of women

Answer 31

When women are portrayed merely as objects of sexual desire for the heterosexual male viewer, without their own personalities or agency

Question 32

sexual violence

Answer 32

“A sexual act committed against someone without that person’s freely given consent” (Smith et al., 2015)

Question 33

social construction of gender

Answer 33

The process of creating social understandings about what it means to be a woman or man (and girl or boy) in society

Question 34

street harassment

Answer 34

“Unwanted comments, gestures, and actions forced on a stranger in a public place without their consent and ... directed at them because of their actual or perceived sex, gender, gender expression, or sexual orientation” (Stop Street Harassment, 2018)