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PE > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Skill

A

A learned action or behaviour, with the intention of bringing about pre-determined results, with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy

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2
Q

Ability

A

An inherited, stable trait that determines an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill

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3
Q

Trait

A

Distinguishing qualities or characteristics belonging to a person

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4
Q

Basic Skill

A

A simple skill that doesn’t require much concentration

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5
Q

Complex Skill

A

A skill that requires a great deal of concentration and coordination to perform

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6
Q

Open Skill

A

A skill that is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable environment

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7
Q

Closed Skill

A

A skill that is not affected by the environment or performers within it

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8
Q

Self Paced Skill

A

A skill is started when the performer decides to start it

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9
Q

Externally Paced Skill

A

A skill that is started because of an external factor

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10
Q

Gross Movement Skill

A

A skill that uses large muscle groups to perform big, powerful movements

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11
Q

Fine Movement Skill

A

A skill involving small, precise movements, showing high levels of accuracy and coordination

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12
Q

Two Types of Goals

A

Performance Goals
Outcome Goals

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13
Q

Performance Goals

A

Personal standards to be achieved. Performers compare themselves against what they have already done or suggest what they are going to do. No comparison with other performers

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14
Q

Outcome Goals

A

Goals that focus on the end result, on winning

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15
Q

S.M.A.R.T targets

A

A goal setting technique that can be used to increase motivation and reduce anxiety.

Specific
Measurable
Accepted
Realistic
Time-bound

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16
Q

Specific Target

A

The target must be specific to the demands of the sport, muscles used or movements used

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17
Q

Measurable Target

A

It must be possible to measure whether the specific target set has been met

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18
Q

Accepted Target

A

The target must be accepted by the performer and others involved in training and competition, such as the performer’s coach

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19
Q

Realistic Target

A

The target must actually be possible to complete and attain

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20
Q

Time-bound Target

A

The target covers a set period of time so that the performer knows whether or not they have achieved it

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21
Q

Information Processing

A

The name given to the process that a performer goes through when they make and act on decisions

Information Processing Model:
Input, Decision-making, Output, Feedback

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22
Q

Input

A
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23
Q

Decision-making

A
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24
Q

Output

A
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25
Feedback
26
Intrinsic Feedback
Information a performer recieves from within
27
Kinaesthetic Feedback
Recieved by receptors in the muscles. Physical sensations generated by movements are felt by the performer and provide a form of intrinsic feedback
28
Extrinsic Feedback
Information a performer recieves about their performance from outside themselves, such as from a coach
29
Guidance
A method of conveying information to a performer. Visual, Verbal, Manual, Mechanical
30
Visual Guidance
Presented in a form that the performer can see
31
Visual Guidance Advantages
-Useful for all levels of performers -Good for beginners -Vision is most people's dominant sense -Allows performers to see what is required -Specific aspects of a skill can be observed -Performers can copy what they have seen
32
Visual Guidance Disadvantages
-Demonstartion or image must be good quality -Some skills are too complex to demonstrate -Not effective if performers aren't paying attention
33
Verbal Guidance
When a coach describes how to perform a skill or tells a performer something
34
Verbal Guidance Advantages
-It is useful for high-level performers -Good way of highlighting key teaching points -Useful for sharing basic information and instructions -Questioning can often make a performer think
35
Verbal Guidance Disadvantages
-Can result in information overload -Can be boring -Sport arenas are often noisy, making it hard to hear -Complex things are often difficult to explain verbally
36
Manual Guidance
A coach physcially moving a performer into the correct position or supporting them as they perform a skill
37
Manual Guidance Advantages
-Good for beginners -Allows performer to develop the correct feel
38
Manual Guidance Disadvantages
-A movement can feel different when someone else is moving your body for you -A performer may not think they are actually performing the skill themself
39
Mechanical Guidance
When objects or aids are used to assist in the coaching process
40
Mechanical Guidance Advantages
-Good for potentially dangerous skills -Can allow a performer to gain a feel for the movement without fear -Good for building confidence
41
Mechanical Guidance Disadvantages
-The equipment may be expensive -The performer can become reliant on the aid
42
Positive Feedback
What was correct or good about the performance
43
Positive Feedback Advantages
-Motivates performer, particularly beginners -Make all performers feel they had succesful aspects to their performance
44
Positive Feedback Disadvantages
-Can emphasise positive aspects too highly and suggest the overall performance was better than it actually was
45
Negative Feedback
What was incorrect or bad about the performance
46
Negative Feedback Advantages
-Enables a coach to provide guidance on how a skill should be performed or better -Can help performers to prioritise the specific skills they need to improve
47
Negative Feedback Disadvanatages
-It can become very demoralising paticularly for beginners -Too many negative comments can leave the performer struggling to know how to respond particularly for beginners
48
Knowledge of Results
Feedback on results provides the performer with information about their placing in a tournament or the time it took them to complete a race
49
Knowledge of Results Advantages
-It gives the performer a quick message of their success
50
Knowledge of Results Disadvantages
-Can be demotivating for other performers in situations where there can only be one winner
51
Knowledge of Performance
Feedback on performance provides the performer with information about their performance generally and about their technique more specifically
52
Knowledge of Performance Advantages
-Many aspects to one performance so the feedback can be very detailed for experienced performers or focus on one or two aspects of the performance for beginners
53
Knowledge of Performance Disadvantages
-Can be challenging to break a performance down in order to provide detailed feedback required by experienced performers
54
Extrinsic Feedback Advantages
-Beginers need extrinsic feedback from coaches to be made aware of, and learn, basic skills and techniques -More experienced performers can combine extrinsic and intrinsic feedback to gain a full picture of their performance
55
Extrinsic Feedback Disadvantages
-Can be difficult to get the advice and help of a qualified coach, especially for beginners
56
Intrinsic Feedback Advantages
-Performers, especially experienced performers, can make immediate adjustments
57
Intrinsic Feedback Disadvantages
-Requires a high level of knowledge about a particular activity to be able to identify precisely what did not work well and what needs to be done to improve it
58
Arousal
A physical and mental state of alertness and readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement and alertness
59
The Inverted U Theory
As arousal increases, performance increases until it hits the optimum. Then, past the optimum, as arousal increases, performance decreases. An optimal performance occurs when a performer hits the optimum level of arousal
60
Gross Movement Arousal
Higher levels of arousal
61
Finer Movement Arousal
Lower levels of arousal
62
Managing Arousal
-Deep breathing -Mental rehearsal, visualisation and imagery -Positive self talk
63
Aggression
Often defined as a deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, but in sport it can be more controlled. Direct and Indirect
64
Direct Agression
An agressive act that involves physical contact with others
65
Indirect Agression
An agressive act that doesn't involve direct physical contact.
66
Introvert
A quiet, shy, passive and reserved personality type, usually associated with individual sports performances
67
Extrovert
A sociable, active, talkative and outgoing personality type, usually associated with team sports
68
Motivation
The drive to succeed or the desire to achieve or be inspired to do something Intrinsic, Extrinsic
69
Intrinsic Motivation
The drive to succeed that comes from within Intangible
70
Extrinsic Motivation
The drive to perform well or win in order to gain external rewards Tangible
71

PE (6 decks)

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