Chapter 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Socialization
Lifelong social experiences by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture
Personality
A person’s fairly consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting
Self
A dimension of personality composed of an individual’s self-awareness and self-image
Social environment: the impact of isolation
Interaction of heredity and environment shape human development
Charles Horton Cooley
Looking glass self - we learn who we are by interacting with others
Looking glass self
Imagine how we are presenting ourselves, imagine how people are evaluating us, form opinions about ourselves based on our perceptions
George Herbert Mead
Stages of self
Stages of self: 1st stage
Preparatory stage, children imitate people around them
Stages of self: 2nd stage
Play stage, role-taking and mentally assuming the perspective of another
Stages of self: 3rd stage
Game-stage, can consider tasks and relationships simultaneously
Sigmund Freud’s personality model
Id - he human being’s basic drives, ego - a person’s conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society, superego - the operation of culture within the individual
Jean Piaget’s Stages of cognitive development
1st stage - sensorimotor, level of human development in which individuals experience the world only through sensory contact
2nd stage - preoperational, individuals first use language and other symbols
3rd stage - concrete operational, individuals first perceive casual connections in their surroundings
4th stage - formal operations, individuals think abstractly and critically
Goffman: presentation of the self
Impression management
Impression management
Individual learns to slant presentation of self to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences, aka dramaturgical approach
Face-work
Need to maintain proper image of self to continue social interaction
Erik Erikson 8 stages of development
Stage 1 - infancy, trust vs. distrust
Stage 2 - toddler hood, autonomy vs. doubt and shame
Stage 3 - preschool, initiative vs. guilt
Stage 4 - pre-adolescence, industriousness vs. inferiority
Stage 5 - adolescence, identity vs. confusion
Stage 6 - young adulthood, intimacy vs. isolation
Stage 7 - middle adulthood, making a difference vs. self absorption
Stage 8 - old age, integrity vs. despair
Agents of socialization
Family, school, peer groups, mass media, technology
Anticipatory socialization
Social learning geared towards gaining a desired position
Resocialization
Altering personality through deliberate control of the environment
Total institution
All aspects of a person’s life are under one authority
