Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the definition of Abduction?

Answer 1

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 2

What is the definition of Adduction?

Answer 2

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Question 3

Define Adhesion

Answer 3

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Question 4

What does Ataxia refer to?

Answer 4

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements

Question 5

What is meant by Atonic?

Answer 5

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Question 6

Define Atrophy

Answer 6

Weakening or wasting away of tissues,

Question 7

What is Bradykinesia?

Answer 7

Extreme slowness in movement,

Question 8

What condition is known as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 8

A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to pain and numbness

Question 9

Define Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Answer 9

a disease of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia.

Question 10

What does Circumduction refer to?

Answer 10

Circular movement of a limb or joint

Question 11

What is Compartment Syndrome?

Answer 11

A serious condition where increased pressure within a muscle compartment reduces blood flow, potentially causing damage

Question 12

Define Dorsiflexion

Answer 12

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Question 13

What does Dyskinesia mean?

Answer 13

The twisting or impairment of voluntary movement, often involving repetitive or twisting motions

Question 14

Define Dystonia

Answer 14

a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles.

Question 15

What is Electromyography?

Answer 15

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Question 16

Define Epicondylitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Question 17

What is Ergonomics?

Answer 17

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

Question 18

Who is an Exercise Physiologist?

Answer 18

A professional specializing in the study and application of exercise to improve health and fitness

Question 19

Define Fasciitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles, often associated with pain

Question 20

What is Fibromyalgia?

Answer 20

A chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and tenderness

Question 21

What is a Ganglion Cyst?

Answer 21

A harmless fluid-filled lump commonly found on the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands

Question 22

Define Heel Spur

Answer 22

A calcium deposit forming a bony protrusion on the underside of the heel bone

Question 23

What does Hemiparesis refer to?

Answer 23

Weakness or partial paralysis affecting one side of the body

Question 24

What is Hemiplegia?

Answer 24

Total paralysis of one side of the body

Question 25

Define Hernia

Answer 25

The protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the surrounding muscle or tissue

Question 26

What does Hyperkinesia mean?

Answer 26

Abnormally increased muscle activity or movement

Question 27

What is Hypotonia?

Answer 27

Reduced muscle tone or tension, often leading to floppy or weak muscles

Question 28

Define Impingement Syndrome

Answer 28

A condition where shoulder tendons are compressed during movement, causing pain and limited mobility

Question 29

What is Innervation?

Answer 29

The supply of nerves to a body part, enabling sensation and movement

Question 30

What is Insertion in terms of muscle anatomy?

Answer 30

The point where a muscle attaches to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts

Question 31

Define Intermittent Claudication

Answer 31

Pain in the leg muscles during exercise, caused by inadequate blood supply, which resolves with rest

Question 32

What is Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 32

A group of genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles

Question 33

What does Myasthenia Gravis refer to?

Answer 33

A chronic autoimmune disorder causing weakness in the skeletal muscles due to disrupted communication between nerves and muscles

Question 34

Define Myoclonus

Answer 34

Sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Question 35

What is Myofascial Release?

Answer 35

A hands-on therapy technique to relieve pain and tightness in the connective tissues

Question 36

Define Myoparesis

Answer 36

Weakness or partial paralysis of a muscle

Question 37

What is Myorrhaphy?

Answer 37

Surgical suturing of a muscle

Question 38

What does Neuromuscular refer to?

Answer 38

Relating to the connection between nerves and muscles

Question 39

Define Oblique in anatomical terms

Answer 39

Slanted or at an angle

Question 40

What is the definition of Origin in muscle anatomy?

Answer 40

The fixed attachment point of a muscle, which does not move during contraction

Question 41

What does Paralysis mean?

Answer 41

Loss of the ability to move or feel in part or most of the body, typically due to nerve damage

Question 42

Define Paraplegia

Answer 42

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Question 43

What is a Physiatrist?

Answer 43

A physician specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation to treat musculoskeletal and neurological conditions

Question 44

Define Plantar Fasciitis

Answer 44

Inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain

Question 45

What does Polymyositis refer to?

Answer 45

A rare inflammatory disease causing muscle weakness on both sides of the body

Question 46

What is Pronation?

Answer 46

Rotating the hand or foot so the palm or sole faces downward or inward

Question 47

Define Quadriplegia

Answer 47

Paralysis of all four limbs, often caused by a spinal cord injury

Question 48

What is Sarcopenia?

Answer 48

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function due to aging

Question 49

Define Shin Splint

Answer 49

Pain along the shinbone caused by inflammation of muscles, tendons, or bone tissue

Question 50

What is Singultus?

Answer 50

The medical term for hiccups, characterized by involuntary contractions of the diaphragm

Question 51

Define Sphincter

Answer 51

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts an opening or passage

Question 52

What is a Sprain?

Answer 52

An injury to a ligament caused by overstretching or tearing

Question 53

Define Tendinopathy

Answer 53

Disease or dysfunction of a tendon, often due to overuse

Question 54

What is Tenodesis?

Answer 54

Surgical anchoring of a tendon to a bone

Question 55

Define Tenolysis

Answer 55

Surgical release of a tendon from adhesions

Question 56

What does Tenosynovitis refer to?

Answer 56

Inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath

Question 57

What is Tenotomy?

Answer 57

Surgical incision into a tendon

Question 58

Define Torticollis

Answer 58

A condition where the neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing the head to tilt to one side

Question 59

What does Transverse mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 59

Positioned or lying across; used to describe muscles or anatomical structures