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RADR 2209 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Electrostatics?

A

Stationary electric charges

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2
Q

what is electric charge?

A

The property of matter

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3
Q

what are electrical charges measured in?

A

Coulombs

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4
Q

Good _____ have a large # of free electrons.

A

Conductors

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5
Q

Good _____ have few free electrons.

A

Insulators

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6
Q

5 General Laws of Electrostatics

A

1) Like charges repel & unlike charges attract
2) Force between 2 charges is directly proportional to the product of their quantities & inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
3) reside only on the external surface of conductors
4) Concentration of charges on a curved surface of a conductor is greatest where the curvature is greatest
5) Only negative charges move freely in solid conductors

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7
Q

what is electrification?

A

when an object gain either a net positive or net negative charge

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8
Q

How can an object be electrified?

A

By friction, by contact, or by induction

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9
Q

what is electrodynamics?

A

Electric charges in motion

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10
Q

what must exist for electric current to move?

A

Electric potential

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11
Q

Define electric potential

A

Ability to do work due to the separation of charges

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12
Q

Define current

A

the flow of electrons in a conductor

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13
Q

Define resistance

A

The property of an element in a circuit that resists or impedes the flow of electricity

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14
Q

what is electric potential measured in?

A

Volts

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15
Q

What is Current measured in?

A

Ampere

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16
Q

What is resistance measured in?

A

Ohm

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17
Q

What is Volts?

A

The electric potential difference between 2 points

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18
Q

what is ampere?

A

The amount of current flowing with an electric potential

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19
Q

What is Ohm?

A

The electrical resistance in a conductor

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20
Q

In what direction does direct current flow?

A

Flows in one direction

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21
Q

In what direction does alternating current flow in?

A

Changes direction

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22
Q

Does production of x-rays use alternating or direct current?

A

Both

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23
Q

what is Ohm law formula?

A

Voltage = Ampere*Resistance

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24
Q

what are 4 conductor resistors?

A

1) Material
2) Length
3) Cross-sectional area
4) Temperature

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25
what is a closed circuit?
Closed pathway
26
what is an open circuit?
Open pathway
27
What is a series circuit?
Circuit elements are wired along a single conductor
28
what is Parallel circuit?
Circuit elements "bridge" or branch across a conductor
29
What does grounding do?
Neutralizes any charged object
30
What is Magnetism?
Ability to attract iron, cobalt, or nickel
31
What is Flux?
A magnetic field that consist of line of force in space
32
What are the 3 laws of magnetism?
1) Every magnet has a north & South Pole 2) Like poles repel, opposite poles attract 3) Attraction or repulsion depends on the strength of the poles and inversely w/ the square distance between them
33
What is nonmagnetic materials?
Materials not attracted to magnetic fields at all Ex. Glass, wood, plastic
34
What is diamagnetic material?
Materials weakly repelled by magnetic fields Ex. Water, mercury, gold
35
What is paramagnetic materials?
Materials weakly attracted to magnetic fields Ex. Platinum, gadolinium, aluminum
36
What is ferromagnetic material?
Materials strongly attracted to magnetic material Ex. Iron, cobalt, nickel
37
Who identified the principle of electromagnetism?
Hans Oersted
38
What did Hans Oersted discover?
That magnetic fields surrounding a conductor could be intensified by a solenoid
39
Michael Faraday discovered what?
Moving a conductor through a magnetic field induces an electric current called electromagnetic induction
40
What is mutual induction?
Induction of electricity in a secondary coil by a moving magnetic field
41
What is self induction?
Magnetic field created in a coil carrying electrical current
42
What are electric generators?
Devices that convert some form of mechanical energy
43
What are electric motors?
Devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy through electromagnetic induction
44
What are transformers?
Devices that increase / decrease voltage through electromagnetic induction
45
What does a step-up transformer do?
Increase voltage
46
What does a step-down transformer do?
Decrease voltage
47
what type of transformer has a ferromagnetic core to maximize efficiency?
Closed core and shell type transformer
48
what does the Primary circuit consist of?
- main power switch - circuit breaker - auto transformer - timer circuit - primary side of step-up transformer
49
what does the Secondary circuit consist of?
- secondary side of step-up transformer - mA meter - rectifier bank - x-ray tube
50
what does the Filament circuit consist of?
- rheostat - step-down transformer - filaments
51
what is the line compensator?
a device wired to the auto transformer that adjusts power supplied to the x-ray machine to 220 volts
52
what is the auto transformer?
an adjustable transformer controlled by the kVp selector on the opening console
53
what is the mA meter?
device that monitors x-ray tube current
54
what is a rectifier?
device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)
55
what is a half-wave rectification?
half of the AC cycle flows through the x-ray tube and the other half is blocked
56
what is a single phase?
100% ripple
57
what is a 3 phase, full wave rectification?
13% to 3.5% ripple
58
what is high frequency, full wave rectification?
< 1% ripple
59
what is a rheostat?
a resistor controlled by the mA selector on the operating console
60
what is an exposure timer?
a device that determines the quality of electrons boiled off the filament
61
what are filaments?
tiny coils of wire housed in the cathode of the x-ray tube

RADR 2209 (8 decks)

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