Chapter 4

Question 1

By which man will attain his ends. This means is called?

Answer 1

Human act

Question 2

Related to as the human activity of man by which he attains an end he wants to obtain.

Answer 2

Human act

Question 3

Activities in common with brutes like feeling, hearing, eating, taste and smell. Such animal activities are called?

Answer 3

Acts of human

Question 4

Those acts of rationality of man

Answer 4

Human acts

Question 5

According to Paul J. Glenn that this is an act which proceeds from deliberate and free will.

Answer 5

Human act

Question 6

Activities of man as a animal, performed without the free will of the agent

Answer 6

Acts of man

Question 7

Signs of acts of man:

Answer 7

They are done indeliberately

The acts are not done freely

The acts are done involuntary

Question 8

The agent performing the act is no conscious of his actions going on. The actions he is doing is not under the command of his consciousness

Answer 8

The act are done indeliberately

Question 9

They may be done by force, that is without the freedom of choice of the person.

Answer 9

The acts are not done freely

Question 10

The acts do not emanate from the heart of the agent

Answer 10

The act are done involuntarily

Question 11

Essential Qualities of Human Act

Answer 11

The act must be deliberate
The acts must be free
The act must be voluntary

Question 12

The agent does it consistently; he knows that he is doing the act and aware of its consequences, good or evil.

Answer 12

The act must be free

Question 13

The person who is doing the act must be free from external force beyond his control, or from any strong influence. Otherwise, the act is not own. The act must not be done out of fear.

Answer 13

The act must be free

Question 14

The act is done out of the will and decision of the agent, the actions he is emanates from the bottom of his heart.

Answer 14

The act must be voluntary

Question 15

Responsible for such acts, since human act is done knowingly, freely, and voluntarily, it becomes responsible of such act.

Answer 15

Agent

Question 16

Human acts are classified as:

Answer 16

Elicited acts

Commanded acts

Question 17

Emenate from the will of the agent.

Answer 17

Elicited Acts

Question 18

Are body-mind acts done to carry out the elicited act of the subject or agent

Answer 18

Commanded acts

Question 19

Paul Glenn enumerates six elicited acts:

Answer 19

Wish
Intention
Consent
Election
Use
Fruition

Question 20

It is a natural inclination of the will towards an object. These can be possibly or impossibly attainable

Answer 20

Wish

Question 21

The will’s tendency towards something attainable but not obligatory.

Answer 21

Intention

Question 22

The acceptance of the will to implement the agents intention

Answer 22

Consent

Question 23

Choose from among a variety of means what he believes to be the most effective to carry out an implementation.

Answer 23

Election

Question 24

Will’s command to make use of the selected means in carrying out the intention.

Answer 24

Use

Question 25

This is the enjoyment of the will as a result of the attainment of the object desired earlier.

Answer 25

Fruition

Question 26

Are those acts involving both body and mind, necessary to carry out the elicited acts.

Answer 26

Command acts

Question 27

Three classification of kinds of command acts:

Answer 27

Internal acts External acts Mixed

Question 28

These acts refers to the purely mental faculties under the command of the will

Answer 28

Internal acts

Question 29

Done by the body as commanded by the will

Answer 29

External Acts

Question 30

Acts of man, they become human acts when done with?

Answer 30

Advertence and with the will

Question 31

Done by both bodily and mental powers

Answer 31

Mixed

Question 32

The ability of a person to respond to a need or problem in a given situation.

Answer 32

Responsibility

Question 33

It would mean him reward, growth and fulfillment as a person.

Answer 33

Responding positively

Question 34

Denial to the call (responsibility) would mean?

Answer 34

Retardation and self-destruction

Question 35

Almost synonymous, are vital elements of human act.

Answer 35

Free will and Freedom

Question 36

Man’s natural tendency of being attracted to what is good and beautiful and to be presented by the intellect.

Answer 36

Will

Question 37

As a faculty, it is the counterpart of the intellect.

Answer 37

Will

Question 38

It is free when it acts without any pressure from outside

Answer 38

Will

Question 39

It is free when it is attracted to or repulses anything on a natural tendency. We can call this?

Answer 39

Human free will

Question 40

Contributes to the humanity of the act

Answer 40

Free will

Question 41

Makes the agent become responsible and accountable for his act

Answer 41

Free will

Question 42

Power which men have of determining their actions according to the judgement of their reason

Answer 42

Freedom of the will

Question 43

Negatively defined, it is the absence of constriction.

Answer 43

Freedom

Question 44

Positively, it is power to be and to act under free will and choice

Answer 44

Freedom

Question 45

Is situated or limited does by the rights of others, things or persons. Our environment, social or physical, constricts this.

Answer 45

Freedom

Question 46

Man remain______ despite the limitations of human freedom

Answer 46

Man

Question 47

Factors that affects the commission or omission of human acts

Answer 47

Modifiers

Question 48

Factors namely ignorance, concupiscence, fear, violence, and habit.

Answer 48

Modifiers

Question 49

They can reduce the moral character of the human act, which intern would the manager responsibility and imputability in the agent.

Answer 49

Modifiers

Question 50

Is the lack of knowledge in man of a certain thing expected to have been known by him it is negotiation of knowledge ordinarily.

Answer 50

Ignorance

Question 51

Is more than just a negotiation. It also means the prescence of what is falsely supposed to be knowledge.

Answer 51

Intellectual ignorance

Question 52

Ignorance in its three aspects:

Answer 52

Ignorance in its object Ignorance in its subject Ignorance in its result

Question 53

This refers to the subjects, ignorance of the law, fact, or corresponding penalty.

Answer 53

Ignorance in its object

Question 54

The absence of knowledge a person owed to possess.

Answer 54

Ignorance of law

Question 55

Is ignorance of the nature or circumstances of an act that is generally forbidden in the community.

Answer 55

Ignorance of fact

Question 56

Lack of knowledge of this sanction imposed by the violators.

Answer 56

Ignorance of penalty

Question 57

This aspect of ignorance lies in the agent who has no knowledge of the law, fact of penalty.

Answer 57

Ignorance in its subject

Question 58

One that can easily be overcome through diligence and exertion of effort efforts by the subject.

Answer 58

Vincible ignorance

Question 59

This ignorance in its subject is either ____________ or ________

Answer 59

Vincible or invincible

Question 60

Is one which subject concerned cannot possibly overcome due to the lack of means, among other factors.

Answer 60

Invincible Ignorance

Question 61

There are some people who purposely refused to wide knowledge of a certain thing they’re expected to know.

Answer 61

Affected ignorance

Question 62

This refers the relation of ignorance to the act done out of ignorance.

Answer 62

Ignorance in its result

Question 63

Proceeds the concept of the will.

Answer 63

Antecedent ignorance

Question 64

A company an act that would be performed, even if there was no ignorance.

Answer 64

Concomitant ignorance

Question 65

Somehow the agent has some of knowledge of the law, yet he refuses to be due to an accompanying ignorance.

Answer 65

Concomitant ignorance

Question 66

Is a vincible ignorance, but the subject deliberately refuses to conquer it. The agent advertently does not make any effort to dispel the ignorance in order to escape, responsibility, and accountability.

Answer 66

Consequent ignorance

Question 67

For an act to be voluntary, knowledge and freedom must be present, upon which voluntariness depends. But they were lacking thus, the act is involuntary.

Answer 67

Principle 1: invincible ignorance makes an act involuntary

Question 68

Vincible ignorance is within the ability of the person to overcome it. If only he exercises and effort and diligence, he can acquire the knowledge, but he does not do it, despite the fact that he is aware of his ignorance and the capacity to subdue it.

Answer 68

Principle 2: invincible ignorance does not render the act involuntary, but reduces the voluntariness in the order corresponding accountability over the act

Question 69

Lessen the voluntariness of the act and renders it less human

Answer 69

Vincible ignorance

Question 70

Affected ignorance is vincible but the agent willfully does not exert effort to dispel it. For this reason, he has some degree of voluntariness. The fact that there is ignorance, however, means less voluntariness on the part of the agent.

Answer 70

Principle 3: Affected ignorance in a way reduces and in another way, intensifies voluntariness

Question 71

As a modifier of human act, refers to body tendencies (appetite) of month, sometimes called the passions.

Answer 71

Concupiscence

Question 72

The passions are concupiscence are called?

Answer 72

Antecedent

Question 73

Antecedent, when they suddenly spring up inti action without the sanction of the will, they are called_____________ when the will acts on them favorably.

Answer 73

Consequent

Question 74

Is an act of man and not human and is not a voluntary act. Since the passions are somewhat sudden than reactions without the deliberation, there is no amount of voluntariness involved.

Answer 74

Antecedent concupiscence

Question 75

The passions are not totally rational act of the intellect when they act without approval and a accompaniment of the will-act.

Answer 75

Principle 4: antecedent concupiscence diminish the voluntariness of the act

Question 76

Simply means reduction of its quantity or intensity, implying that voluntariness is still present.

Answer 76

Diminish

Question 77

While antecedent concupiscence diminishes voluntariness, it does not altogether eliminate the same.

Answer 77

Principle 5: antecedent concupiscence does not eliminate voluntariness of an act

Question 78

Refers to a person’s perturbed state of mind due to an impending danger or evil that might befall him anytime.

Answer 78

Fear

Question 79

When one has to kill an enemy to defend himself this is called?

Answer 79

Act out of fear

Question 80

When a priest goes to preach Christ gospel in communist lands, this is called

Answer 80

Act in fear

Question 81

Why did the act is done out of fear, the agent remains in control of his mind, commanding to act to be done. The act is voluntary and is a human act, not act of man. He really chooses to proceed with the act instead of giving into the demand of fear.

Answer 81

Principle 7: an act done out of fear, however great, is simply voluntary, although it is also regularly conditionally voluntary.

Question 82

Refers to physical, external force inflicted on a person by a free agent for the purpose of companion that person to do an act against his will.

Answer 82

Violence

Question 83

It is but instinctive for a human person to resist violence being inflicted to him by an aggressor. In this sense, it is a moral duty to make resistance.

Answer 83

Principle 8: external act, which are recommended, performed by a person under pending violence, which could be reasonably resist, are involuntary and, therefore, not imputable

Question 84

Refers to repeatable act of a person done with facility and ease. Acquired inclination towards something to be done.

Answer 84

Habit

Question 85

Remain voluntary in the agent.

Answer 85

Habit

Question 86

There are acts done for certain specific purposes.

Answer 86

The indirect voluntary act

Question 87

An act may result dual effects, one good and the other evil.

Answer 87

Principle 9: the principle of double effect

Question 88

An agent is allowed to perform such a provided. The following requirements are fulfilled: (Principle of double effect)

Answer 88

1. The act must be good in itself or at least morally neutral 2. The good effect must be greater than the evil one, Or equally important at least. 3. The act is the only means to attain the good effect. 4. The evil effect must be the last to happen. 5. The agent must be honest in his intention.

Question 89

The act done was human act. Hence, the agent was responsible, and therefore accountable for the evil side effect of the act.

Answer 89

Principle 9: An agent is responsible for the evil effect of his indirect voluntary act.

Question 90

Ignorance in its object:

Answer 90

Ignorance of fact Ignorance of law Ignorance of penalty

Question 91

Ignorance in its subject:

Answer 91

Vincible ignorance Invincible Ignorance

Question 92

Ignorance in its result:

Answer 92

Antecedent ignorance Concomitant ignorance Consequent ignorance

Question 93

Worst kind of ignorance

Answer 93

Consequent ignorance

Question 94

Modifiers:

Answer 94

Concupiscence Ignorance Fear Violence Habit