CHAPTER 4

Question 2

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 2

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Question 3

True or False: Aqueous solutions can conduct electricity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The property of a solution that allows it to conduct electricity is due to the presence of __________.

Answer 4

ions

Question 5

What is a precipitation reaction?

Answer 5

A reaction in which two soluble reactants form an insoluble product, known as a precipitate.

Question 6

Which of the following is a common example of a precipitation reaction? A) NaCl + AgNO3 B) HCl + NaOH C) H2 + O2

Answer 6

A) NaCl + AgNO3

Question 7

What is the solubility product constant (Ksp)?

Answer 7

An equilibrium constant that applies to the solubility of sparingly soluble ionic compounds.

Question 8

True or False: Ksp values can be used to predict whether a precipitate will form.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the common ion effect?

Answer 9

The decrease in solubility of a salt when a common ion is added to the solution.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The process of acid donating a proton (H+) is known as __________.

Answer 10

acid-base reaction

Question 11

What is a strong acid?

Answer 11

An acid that completely dissociates in water.

Question 12

Which of the following is a strong base? A) NaOH B) CH3COOH C) HCl

Answer 12

A) NaOH

Question 13

What is the pH range of acidic solutions?

Answer 13

pH less than 7.

Question 14

What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?

Answer 14

7

Question 15

True or False: A base can accept protons in a chemical reaction.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the definition of a buffer solution?

Answer 16

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The main components of a buffer solution are a weak acid and its __________.

Answer 17

conjugate base

Question 18

What is the purpose of titration in acid-base reactions?

Answer 18

To determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base.

Question 19

What is the endpoint of a titration?

Answer 19

The point at which the reaction is complete, often indicated by a color change.

Question 20

True or False: All precipitation reactions are also acid-base reactions.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What role does water play in aqueous solutions?

Answer 21

Water acts as a solvent, dissolving various substances.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: A solution with a pH of 12 is considered __________.

Answer 22

basic

Question 23

What is the formula for calculating pH?

Answer 23

pH = -log[H+]

Question 24

What is the relationship between pH and pOH?

Answer 24

pH + pOH = 14

Question 25

What ions are produced when an acid dissolves in water?

Answer 25

Hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 26

Fill in the blank: A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is called __________.

Answer 26

amphoteric

Question 27

What is the role of indicators in acid-base reactions?

Answer 27

Indicators change color at a specific pH range, signaling the presence of an acid or base.

Question 28

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Answer 28

Strong acids completely dissociate in water, while weak acids only partially dissociate.

Question 29

True or False: Precipitation reactions always produce a solid.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is an example of a weak acid?

Answer 30

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Question 31

What is the formula for the solubility product (Ksp) for a generic salt AB?

Answer 31

Ksp = [A+][B-]

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The formation of a precipitate can be predicted using the __________ table.

Answer 32

solubility

Question 33

What happens to the solubility of a salt as temperature increases?

Answer 33

It can increase or decrease, depending on the salt.

Question 34

What is the significance of the acid dissociation constant (Ka)?

Answer 34

It measures the strength of an acid in solution.