Chapter 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the impact of media on cultural globalization?
The media impact cultural globalization by providing transnational transmission of cultural products and forming communicative networks and social structures.
Hjarvard, 1999.
What are examples of ‘new’ global media?
Examples include Apple’s iTunes, Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Microsoft.
McChesney 1999:11-15.
How is the global media landscape characterized?
It is increasingly dominated by a small number of huge corporations, affecting the reception of cultural products and information flows.
What are the five periods of globalization and media according to Lule (2014)?
The five periods are oral, script, print, electronic, and digital.
When did oral communication develop?
Oral communication developed around 1.75 million years ago.
What is the significance of script in communication?
Script, the system of writing, was first recorded over 4,000 years ago, making communication easier and longer-lasting.
What were the consequences of the invention of the printing press?
It changed the nature of knowledge by preserving and standardizing it, and it encouraged challenges to political and religious authority.
What is Electronic Media?
Electronic Media was introduced in the beginning of the 1st generation of technology and requires electromagnetic energy (electricity) to use. Examples include telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television. In 1973, the invention of cellphones dominated the world.
What is Digital Media?
Digital Media refers to audio, video, and photo content that has been encoded (digitally compressed). The computer is considered the most popular and influential digital media in globalization.
What does cultural globalization involve?
Cultural globalization involves the sharing of ideas, meanings, and values around the world, extending and intensifying social relations.
What is the impact of cultural globalization?
Cultural globalization reflects a standardization of cultural expressions around the world, influenced by the diffusion of commodities and ideas.
What is Hybridization in cultural globalization?
Hybridization, as suggested by Jan Pieterse, involves human integration and cultural mixing across continents and regions going back many centuries.
What is Homogenization in cultural globalization?
Homogenization emphasizes the transfiguration of worldwide diversity into a pandemic of Westernized consumer culture, leading to the end of cultural diversity and resulting in a human monoculture.
What is cultural imperialism?
Cultural imperialism is the dominance of one culture over another, which can manifest as a general attitude or an active, formal policy, including military action.
What are the effects of cultural imperialism?
Cultural imperialism is associated with the destruction of cultural identities, leading to a homogenized and westernized consumer culture.
What does Samuel Huntington’s ‘Clash of Civilizations’ emphasize?
Huntington emphasizes that while the world is becoming interconnected, interactions between different cultures enhance civilization consciousness, which invigorates cultural differences and can lead to conflict.
What is the role of international mass media in cultural globalization?
International mass media plays a key role in enhancing globalization by facilitating cultural exchange and the flow of information and images between countries.
How have contemporary media technologies affected cultural globalization?
Contemporary media technologies like satellite television and the Internet have created a steady flow of transnational images that connect audiences worldwide.
What changes occurred in media systems after the 1990s?
After the 1990s, most communication media became increasingly global, extending their reach beyond nation-states to conquer audiences worldwide.
What factors have assisted international flows of information?
International flows of information have been largely assisted by global capitalism, new technologies, and the commercialization of global television due to deregulation policies.
