Chapter 4 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is inequality?
When wealth and access to services are not shared equally
Inequality can manifest in various forms, including economic, social, and political dimensions.
Define extreme poverty.
Where people have less than $1.90 a day to live on
Extreme poverty is a severe level of poverty that affects the ability to meet basic needs.
What is the poverty line?
A sum of money used to define the level of poverty in a country
It often represents the percentage of people living on less than $1.90 a day.
What does quality of life refer to?
The level of comfort and well-being a person enjoys
Quality of life can include factors such as health, education, and income.
What is life expectancy?
How many years a new baby can expect to live for, on average
Life expectancy is influenced by various factors, including healthcare access and living conditions.
What does GNI stand for?
Gross National Income
GNI measures the total income earned by a country’s population and businesses in a year.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
A score between 0 and 1 that indicates how developed a country is
HDI takes into account life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
What are development indicators?
A piece of data that helps to show how developed a country is
Examples include literacy rates, access to clean water, and income levels.
Define landlocked.
Surrounded by land with no coastline
Landlocked countries often face challenges in trade and access to resources.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
The period when many new machines were invented in the UK
This period marked a significant turning point in history, affecting economies, societies, and cultures.
What are cash crops?
A crop you grow for sale
Cash crops are typically grown for profit rather than for personal consumption.
Define commodities.
Agricultural produce and natural materials, sold in bulk
Commodities are often traded on exchanges and can include items like oil, gold, and grains.
What is corruption?
Dishonest conduct by people in official positions
Corruption can undermine trust in institutions and hinder development.
What does ‘add value’ mean?
Process something in a way that increases its value
This can involve enhancing a product’s quality or brand to charge more.
What is a TNC?
Transnational corporation
TNCs operate in multiple countries and often have significant influence on global markets.
Define pandemic.
A disease that spreads over a large area or the whole world and affects a large number of people
Pandemics can have widespread health, economic, and social impacts.
What is a migrant?
A person who moves somewhere else, usually to find work
Migration can be voluntary or forced due to various circumstances.
Define economic migrant.
A person who moves to find paid work, or to earn more
Economic migrants often seek better opportunities for themselves and their families.
What is a refugee?
A person who has been forced to flee from danger
Refugees often leave their home countries due to conflict, persecution, or natural disasters.
What is top-down development?
Development led by a government
This approach often involves large-scale projects initiated by authorities.
Define bottom-up development.
To help a local community
This approach focuses on grassroots initiatives and local participation.
What is micro financing?
Gives people small loans to help them set up in business
Micro financing aims to empower individuals and promote entrepreneurship.
What is poverty?
Where you do not have enough resources- money, or possessions- to meet your basic needs
Poverty can affect access to food, shelter, healthcare, and education.
