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Psychopharm > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Cocaine psychosis

A

A set of symptoms, including hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thinking, produced by chronic use of cocaine

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1
Q

Formication

A

Hallucinatory behavior produced by chronic cocaine or amphetamine abuse, in which the individual feels insects or snakes crawling either over or under the skin

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2
Q

Kindling effect

A

A phenomenon in the brain that produces a heightened sensitivity to repeated administrations of some drugs, such as cocaine. This is the opposite effect of tolerance

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3
Q

Cocaine hydrochloride

A

The form of cocaine that is inhaled or injected into the bloodstream

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4
Q

Free base cocaine

A

Smokable form of cocaine

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5
Q

Crack

A

Smokable form of cocaine

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6
Q

Methamphetamine

A

A type of amphetamine once marked under the brand name Methedrine. Meth, speed, or crack.

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7
Q

Amphetamine

A

A family of ephedrine based stimulant drugs

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8
Q

Amphetamine psychosis

A

A set of symptoms, including hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thinking, resulting from high doses of amphetamines.

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9
Q

Ice

A

Smokable form of methamphetamine hydrochloride. Crystal meth.

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10
Q

D-amphetamine

A

Shortened name of detextroamphetamine, a potent form of amphetamine marketed under the brand name Dexedrine

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11
Q

What shrub is cocaine derived from?

A

Coca shrub—

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12
Q

Scientific name for the coca shrub?

A

Erythroxolyn coca

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13
Q

When did Coca Cola de cocainize the drink?

A

1903

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14
Q

What popular physician raved about the wonders of cocaine?

A

Freud, which he experienced formication

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15
Q

If cocaine is injected or snorted, how long does it take to feel the effects?

A

Matter of seconds and lasts 5-10 minutes

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16
Q

What are the initial effects of cocaine if injected or smoked?

A

Powerful burst of energy

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17
Q

If cocaine is snorted, what are the initial effects??

A

Less intense burst of energy

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18
Q

How long does the sensation last if cocaine is snorted?

A

15-30 minutes

Panic attacks can occur

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19
Q

What happens to ones body while on cocaine?

A

Sudden elevation in the sympathetic branch of the ANS
Heart rate and respiration increases
Appetite diminishes
Blood pressure restricts, so blood pressure rises
Sympathetic arousal
Cardia arrhythmia may occur

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20
Q

What are the effects of coming down of cocaine?

A

Irritability, depression, can lead to thoughts of suicide

21
Q

What are the effects of chronic cocaine use on sexual performance?

A

Decreased sexual performance and loss of desire. Drugs take the place of the sex

22
Q

What are the physiological effects of cocaine?

A

Increased heart rate
Increased respiration
Dilated pupils
Increased blood pressure

23
Q

What are some risks of cocaine use?

A

Heart failure
Cerebral hemorrhaging
Cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)

24
Q

What is the nickname for the driving tendencies of an individual using cocaine?

A

Diagonal driving

25
Q

What are some characteristics of cocaine abusers?

A 
Irritable
Depressed
Paranoid
May suffer from formication 
May suffer from cocaine psychosis
Continual stuff or runny nose
26
Q

What effect does cocaine have on your eating behavior and weight?

A

Leads to significant weight loss

Decreased appetite

27
Q

What are some medical uses of cocaine?

A

Anesthetic for nasal, tear duct, and throat surgery

Local anesthetic is brief and requires reapplication to remain effective

28
Q

What neurotransmitter does cocaine effect?

A

Dopamine.

It blocks reuptake and can lead to decline in experience of pleasure from any source

29
Q

What is the kindling effect associated with cocaine?

A

Sensitization (the opposite of tolerance) to certain effects from repeated use

30
Q

What are the dangers of the kindling effect?

A

Motor behavior and brain excitation that may result in brain seizures
Repeated exposure to cocaine can lower the threshold for seizures
Death from cocaine after the kindling effect may occur from low doses of cocaine

31
Q

What are the different forms of coca?

A 
Coca paste 
Cocaine hydrochloride
Free base cocaine
Crack cocaine
Chewed leaves
32
Q

What are the modes of administration for the different forms?

A

Smoke: free base or crack

Snort or inject: cocaine hydrochloride

33
Q

What is a cheap form of cocaine in Argentina?

A

Paco

34
Q

Treatments for cocaine abuse?

A 
Impatient program 
Outpatient program
Combined approach
Cocaine anonymous 
Cognitive behavioral therapy
35
Q

What is more potent d-amphetamine or l-amphetamine?

A

D-amphetamine

36
Q

Amphetamine is a synthetic form of what?

A

Ephedrine

37
Q

What was amphetamine used for in WWII?

A

To keep soldiers awake and alert

38
Q

What neurotransmitter does amphetamine work on in the brain?

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Increases the release of both and slows down their reuptake

39
Q

What are some physiological effect of amphetamine?

A

Faster breathing
Faster heart rate
Hyperthermia (increased body temp)
Elevated blood pressure

40
Q

What are some other effects of amphetamine use?

A

Feeling of euphoria
Feeling if invincibility
Decreased appetite
Boosts in alertness and energy

41
Q

What are some of the potential consequences of amphetamine use?

A

Convulsions
Chest pain
Stroke

42
Q

What might heavy users of methamphetamine experience or engage in?

A 
Formication hallucinations
Compulsive or repetitive behavior 
Intense mood swings
Bizarre delusions 
Hallucinations
Tendency towards violence
Amphetamine psycosis
43
Q

What were amphetamines prescribed for?

A

Weight control

Way to control drowsiness

44
Q

Where is an area that you might find a meth lab?

A

Small town or rural area

45
Q

What must retail stores limit sales of and why?

A

Cold remedies such as Sudafed or Tylenol Cold

Contains pseudoephrines

46
Q

What are the different patterns of use between methamphetamine and cocaine?

A

Methamphetamine: tend to use throughout the day. 2-4 hour intervals
Cocaine:tend to use in the evening or nighttime. Binge like fashion

47
Q

What is withdrawal from amphetamine like?

A 
Crash (1-4 hours after drug taking has dropped)
Intense depression 
Hunger
Agitation
Anxiety

Withdrawal (6-18 weeks)
Intense craving for the drug slowly subside

48
Q

What is a common medical use of amphetamine and amphetamine like drugs??

A

ADHD or ADD
Narcolepsy
Nasal decongestant

49
Q

What is a side effect of amphetamine use for ADD or ADHD?

A 
Suppression of height and weight
Discontinuance of use may result in
Lethargy 
Lack of motivation
Depression
50
Q

How is the treatment of ADHD by methylphenidate believed to work?

A

Improvement in attention and decrease in distractibility

Potential heightening in motivation in regards to a particular task

Psychopharm (2 decks)

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