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MED TERM ECC > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

chromatin

A

structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

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2
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structures w/in the nucleus composed of DNA that carries heredity info encoded in genes

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3
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

molecule that holds genetic info capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

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4
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

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5
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

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6
Q

organelle

A

cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction)

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7
Q

what are the levels of organization? (5)

A

cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

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8
Q

cell

A

the smallest structural and functional unit of life.

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9
Q

what are the 3 parts of a cell?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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10
Q

cytology

A

the of the body at the cellular level

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11
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that perform a specialized activity

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12
Q

histology

A

the study of tisse

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13
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers the surface of organs, lines cavities, and canals, forms tubes and ducts, secretion portions of glands

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and connects other tissues and organs

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15
Q

muscle tissue

A

provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement.

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16
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmit electrical impulses as it relays info throughout the entire body

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17
Q

organ

A

are body structures that perform specialized functions. composed of 2 or more tissue type

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18
Q

system

A

body system is composed of varying # of organs and accessory structures that have similar or related functions

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19
Q

organism

A

the highest level of organization is the organism

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20
Q

anatomical position

A

is a body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions

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21
Q

plane

A

is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

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22
Q

midsagittal (median)

A

right and left halves

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23
Q

coronal (frontal)

A

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) “front and back”

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24
Q

transverse (horizontal)

A

superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects

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25
cranial (dorsal)
brain
26
spinal (dorsal)
spinal cord
27
thoracic (ventral)
heart, lungs and associated structures
28
abdominopelvic
digestive, excretory, and reproductive and structures
29
ABduction
movement away from the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts
30
ADduction
movement toward the midsagittal (median) plane of the body
31
medial
pertaining to the midline of the body or structure
32
lateral
pertaining to a side
33
superior (cephalad)
toward the head of upper portion of a structure
34
inferior (caudal)
away form the head or toward the tail or lower part of a structure
35
anterior (ventral)
front of the body
36
posterior (dorsal)
back of the body
37
Parietal
pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity
38
visceral
pertaining.. viscera, or internal organ, especially the abdominal organs
39
prone
face down, lying on abdomen
40
supine
face up, lying on spine
41
inversion
inside out
42
eversion
turning outward
43
palmar
pertaining... palm of the hand
44
plantar
pertaining.. sole of the foot
45
superficial
toward the surface of the body (external)
46
deep
away from the surface of body (internal)
47
spine
vertebral column or backbone
48
cyto
cell, ex CYTOLOGIST: specialist in the study of cells
49
histo
tissue, ex HISTOLOGY: study of tissues
50
karyo or nucleo
nucleus, ex KARYOLYSIS: destruction of the nucleus
51
caudo
tail, ex CUADAD: toward the tail
52
cephalo
head, ex CEPHALAD: toward the head
53
disto
far, farthest
54
dorso
back of the body, ex
55
infero
lower, below
56
latero
side to one side
57
medio
middle
58
proximo
near, nearest
59
ventro
belly, belly side
60
abdomino
abdomen
61
cervico
neck, cervix uteri
62
cranio
skull
63
gastro
stomach
64
ilio
ilium
65
inguino
groin
66
pelvi or pelvo
pelvis
67
spino
spine
68
thoraco
chest
69
umbilico
umbilicus, navel
70
albino or leuko
white
71
chloro
green, ex CHLOROPIA: green vision
72
chromo
color, ex HETEROCHROMIC: pertaining to diff colors
73
cirrho, jaundo or xantho
yellowing, or abnormal yellowing
74
cyano
blue, ex CYANOTIC: blueness
75
erythro
red, ex ERYTHROCYTE: red cell
76
melano
black, ex MELANOMA: black tumor
77
polio
gray, grey matter, ex POLIOMYELITIS: inflammation of the grey matter in the spinal cord
78
acro
extremity, ex ACROCYANOSIS: abnormal condition, extremities are blue
79
etio
cause, ex ETIOLOGY: study of the causes of disease
80
idio
unknown, peculiar, ex IDIOPATHIC: pertaining to an unknown cause of disease.
81
morpho
form, shape, ex MORPHOLOGY: study of form, shape
82
patho
disease, ex PATHOLOGIST: specialist in the study of disease
83
radio
radiation, ex RADIOLOGIST: specialist in the study of radiation
84
somato
body, ex SOMATIC: pertaining to the body
85
sono
sound, ex SONOGRAPHY: process of recording sound
86
tomo
to cut, ex TOMOGRAPHY: process of recording to cut
87
viscero
internal organ, ex VISCERAL: pertaining to internal organs
88
xero
dry, ex XEROSIS: abnormal condition of dryness
89
genesis
forming, origin, ex PATHOGENSIS: origin of disease
90
gnosis
knowing, ex PROGNOSIS: knowing before
91
gram
record, writing, ex ARTERIOGRAM: record of an artery
92
graph
instrument for recording, ex RADIOGRAPH
93
graphy
process of recording, ex ARTHROGRAPHY: joint
94
logist
specialist in the study of
95
logy
study of
96
meter
instrument for measuring
97
pathy
disease
98
ab
from, away from
99
ad
toward
100
hetero
different
101
homeo
same, alike
102
infra
below, under
103
peri
around
104
super
upper, above
105
trans
across, through
106
ultra
excess, beyond
107
symptom
subjective info from the pt
108
signs
objective, can be observed
109
adhesion
abnormal fibrous bands, holds or binds together tissue that are normally separated
110
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
111
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid WITHIN TISSUE SPACE
112
febrile
fever
113
gangrene
death and decay of soft tissue, ex circulatory obstruction
114
hernia
protrusion of organ through the structure that contains it
115
inflammation
body defense mechanism
116
mycosis
any fungal infections in or on the body
117
perforation
hole that completely penetrates a structure
118
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
119
rupture
sudden breaking or bursting
120
sepsis
presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream
121
suppuration
producing or associated w/ the generation of pus
122
infusion therapy
delivery of fluids into the blood stream, iv therapy
123
ablation
removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, elelctrocautery, freezing and radio
124
anastomosis
surgical joining of two ducts , vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
125
cauterize
destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals
126
curettage
scraping of a body cavity w/ a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette
127
incision and drainage
incision made to allow the free flow or w/drawal of fluids from a wound or cavity
128
laser surgery
use of high intensity laser beam to remove disease tissue, stop bleeding blood vessels or for cometic purposes
129
resection
removal of part or all of a structure, organ or tissue
130
revision
surgical procedure used to replace or compensate fro a previously implanted device or correct, undesirable result
131
assessment techniques
sequence procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a pt
132
inspection
general observation of the pt as a whole, progressing to specific body areas

MED TERM ECC (6 decks)

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