Chapter 4

Question 1

Abiotic factors

Answer 1

Environment and habitat, critical factors

Question 2

Biotic factors

Answer 2

Adaptation, natural selection

Question 3

Selection pressure

Answer 3

stresses on a species lead it to adapt a certain way by favoring the mutations which thrive in the conditions

Question 4

differential reproduction

Answer 4

critical factors determine whether a species can live in a certain environment

Question 5

Indicator species

Answer 5

inflexible species and requires very specific factors

Question 6

Niche

Answer 6

role in an ecosystem

Question 7

Joseph Grinnell

Answer 7

niches are a place for a species following certain adaptations

Question 8

Charles Elton

Answer 8

niches described by relationships between species

Question 9

G. Evelyn Hutchinson

Answer 9

multiple factors of a species can be graphed on a multidimensional plane

Question 10

Allopatric

Answer 10

evolution through geographic isolation

Question 11

Sympatric

Answer 11

evolution through behavioral differences

Question 12

Stabilizing selection

Answer 12

traits become more certain

Question 13

Directional selection

Answer 13

traits drift towards one side of the spectrum

Question 14

Disruptive selection

Answer 14

the extreme traits survive, leads to speciation

Question 15

Fundamental niche

Answer 15

the full range of conditions under which the species can exist

Question 16

Realized niche

Answer 16

the narrower niche that a species is forced to occupy and to which it is usually better adapted

Question 17

Competitive exclusion

Answer 17

no two species can occupy the exact same niche indefinitely; one will be the better competitor

Question 18

Genetic drift

Answer 18

change in allele pool due to luck, mainly in small pops

Question 19

Convergent evolution

Answer 19

two separate species evolved to share the same trait

Question 20

“Selfish gene,” gene-centric theory

Answer 20

traits which allow themselves to be passed on the most will be passed on the most