Chapter 4 - 4/7 - The protection of civil liberties and rights

Question 1

What is the Bill of Rights?

Answer 1

The first ten amendments to the Constitution.

Question 2

What rights are protected in the original Constitution?

Answer 2

• All states to play a part in electing the president.
• The right of Congress to make laws.
• Freedom from tyranny, through the creation of checks and balances - this right is therefore embedded throughout the document.

Question 3

When was the Bill of Rights ratified?

Answer 3

1791

Question 4

Where are the most prominent civil and personal rights found?

Answer 4

The Bill of Rights

Question 5

When was the case of Town of Greece v Galloway?

Answer 5

2014

Question 6

What right did the case of Town of Greece v Galloway concern?

Answer 6

First Amendment - Freedom of religion.

Question 7

What was the ruling of the Town of Greece v Galloway?

Answer 7

The Supreme Court ruled that legislative bodies could begin their meetings with prayer even if they favoured one particular religion.

Question 8

What was the issue concerned in Town of Greece v Galloway?

Answer 8

Whether legislative bodies could begin their meetings with prayers, and whether this violated the First Amendment which prohibits the “establishment of religion”.

Question 9

What does the First Amendment prohibit?

Answer 9

“an establishment of religion”

Question 10

What does the First Amendment say with regards to freedom of speech?

Answer 10

“Congress shall make no law…abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.”

Question 11

When was the case of McDonald v City of Chicago?

Answer 11

2010

Question 12

What did the case of McDonald v City of Chicago concern?

Answer 12

The Second Amendment - the right to bear arms.

Question 13

What was the ruling of the case of McDonald v City of Chicago?

Answer 13

The Supreme Court declared that the Second Amendment gives people the fundamental right to bear arms.

Question 14

What is the Fifth Amendment?

Answer 14

The right to silence

Question 15

When was the case of Miranda v Arizona?

Answer 15

1966

Question 16

What are the details of Miranda v Arizona?

Answer 16

Ernesto Miranda confessed to rape not realising he had the right to remain silent under the Fifth Amendment.

Question 17

What was the ruling of Miranda v Arizona?

Answer 17

The Supreme Court ruled that Miranda had been denied his rights and from that point on every suspect must be read their rights - this is where ‘Miranda rights’ come from.

Question 18

What did the case of Miranda v Arizona concern?

Answer 18

The Fifth Amendment - the right to silence

Question 19

How many states still have the death penalty?

Answer 19

27

Question 20

When was the case of Roper v Simmons?

Answer 20

2005

Question 21

What right did the case of Roper v Simmons concern?

Answer 21

The Eighth Amendment - cruel and unusual punishments

Question 22

What was the ruling of Roper v Simmons?

Answer 22

It is unconstitutional to sentence anyone to death for a crime committed when they were younger than 18, as it infringed the Eighth Amendment.

Question 23

What are the Thirteenth - Fifteenth Amendments called?

Answer 23

The Reconstruction Amendments

Question 24

What does the Thirteenth Amendment say?

Answer 24

“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude…shall exist within the United States”

Question 25

What does the Fourteenth Amendment say?

Answer 25

No State shall “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property” and ensures “the equal protection of the laws”.

Question 26

When was the Fourteenth Amendment ratified?

Answer 26

1868

Question 27

When was the Thirteenth Amendment ratified?

Answer 27

1865

Question 28

When was the Nineteenth Amendment ratified?

Answer 28

1919

Question 29

What did the Nineteenth Amendment do?

Answer 29

Grant full voting rights to women.

Question 30

What did the Twenty-Sixth Amendment do?

Answer 30

Lower the voting age from 21 to 18.

Question 31

When was the Twenty-Sixth Amendment ratified?

Answer 31

1971