Chapter 4 Flashcards
IDEA Definition of Learning Disabilities
this does not include learning problems due to visual, hearing, or motor disabilities of mental retardation or emotional disturbance or of environmental, cultural or economic disadvantages
a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, which may result in trouble to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do math calculations. Including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction. dyslexia and developmental aphasia
Causes of Learning Disabilities
Neurological
Genetic
Environmental (During/After pregnancy, Prenatal care)
Prenatal-Paramount
Perinatal- during labor, ex chord around neck (Anoxia)
Postnatal- lead paint, menijitice, traumatic brain injuries
Possible Characteristics of Learning disabilities
Hyperactivity
Attention Disorders
Memory and thinking Disorders
Most Learning disorders are….
Language based
Common Academic Deficits
Reading, Mathematics, Writing/Written Expression, Expressive and Receptive Language(Speaking, listening, understanding, following directions)
Other Deficits to be considered:
Cognitive-Related Characteristics
- thinking/learning (intelligence testing)
- Attention, memory, strategy use, meta-congnition (Knowing how you know)
Other Deficits to be considered:
Social and Emotional Characteristics
social skills, learned helplessness, low self concept and anxiety
No Cookie Cutter for Specific Disabilities
Not one size fits all, disabilities only have similarities they are not identical from child to child
Severe Discrepancy Formula
between intelligence and achievements to identify individuals with learning disabilites
*2 standard deviations below the mean = Classified as learning disability
Declarative Knowledge
Facts (memory
Procedural Knowledge
how to learn (tie shoes, memory)
Conditional knowledge
when and why (the application, where many fall short)
Mathematics
problem solving, computation, self-regulation, strategy use
Study Skills
Listening note taking time management comprehension test taking memory strategies textbook usage
How to teach students with learning disabilities
task analysis
Direct instruction
strategies instruction
