chapter 4 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Hate Speech
Hostile statements based on someone’s personal characteristic such as race, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation.
Free exercise clause
In the 1st amendment the principle that government may not interfere in religious practice.
Prior restraint
Legal effort to stop speech before it occurs, in effect, censorship.
Civil rights
the freedom to participate in the full life of the community- to vote, use public facilities, and exercise equal economic opportunity.
Symbolic Expression
An act, rather than actual speech, used to demonstrate point of view.
Civil liberties
the limits on government so that people can freely exercise their rights.
Selective incorporation
Extending protections from the Bill of Rights to the state governments, one right at a time.
Establishment clause
In the First Amendment, the principle that government may not establish an official religion.
strict separation
the strict principles articulated in the lemon test for judging whether a law establishes a religion
accommondation
the principle that government does not violate that establishment clause as long as it does not confer an advantage to some religions over others.
Hate crime
Crime stemming from prejudice based on someone’s personal characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation
Clear and present danger
Court doctrine that permits restrictions of free speech if officials believe that the speech will lead to prohibited action like violence or terrorism
Symbolic Expression
An act, rather than actual speech, used to demonstrate a pint of view.
Fighting words
Expression inherently likely to provoke violent reaction and not necessarily protected by the 1st Amendment.
Exclusionary rule
the ruling that evidence obtained in a n illegal search may not be introduced in a trial.
Grand jury
A jury that does not decide on guilt or innocence but only on whether there is enough evidence for the case to go to trial.
Double jeopardy
The principle that an individual cannot be tried twice for the same offense.
Miranda warnings
A set of rights that police officers are required to inform suspects of, including the right to remain silent.
