Chapter 4+5

Question 1

What happened in Kenya?

Answer 1

Clouds didn’t move as sun passed
More rain at equator-floods
No rain north-drought

Question 2

Weather

Answer 2

The temporary conditions in the atmosphere in a specific area

Question 3

Climate

Answer 3

The average weather of a region over several decades

Question 4

Layers of the atmosphere

Answer 4

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

Question 5

Which layer has the air we breath

Answer 5

Troposphere

Question 6

Which layer is the desenest

Answer 6

Troposphere

Question 7

Which layer has the ozone

Answer 7

Stratosphere

Question 8

What is the importance of the ozone

Answer 8

Absorbs UV rays-protects

Question 9

Which layer contains charged molecules that glow

Answer 9

Thermosphere

Question 10

What determines which organisms can survive in a region

Answer 10

Temp and precipitation

Question 11

Why is it hotter at the equator

Answer 11

Sun rays are more concentrated and hits earth more directly. Travels shorter distance.

Question 12

What is albedo

Answer 12

Percentage of incoming sunlight that is reflected from a surface

Question 13

Warm vs cold air

Answer 13

warm air less dense

warm air more moisture

Question 14

What factors determine which season it is

Answer 14

Earth tilt

Position around the sun

Question 15

How do ocean currents affect local climate

Answer 15

Move water around and regulate temp

Question 16

El nino

Answer 16

South American trade winds weaken

Warm equatorial water from west Pacific move east to west coast of South America

Question 17

Effects of el nino

Answer 17

Suppress upwelling and kill fish

Cool and wet temperature South east US; dry South America and South east Asia

Question 18

Which biome is located around 30 N+S

Answer 18

Subtropical Dessert

Question 19

Rainshadow

Answer 19

region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on the windward side

Question 20

Why is latitude important to climate

Answer 20

The close the latitude to equator, the warmer the climate

Question 21

Why are air and ocean currents called heat engine systems

Answer 21

Air and water transport heat in currents

Question 22

Dung of devil lesson

Answer 22

70% of drugs come from plants

Question 23

Types of biodiversity

Answer 23

Ecosystem
Species
Genetic

Question 24

How many species

Answer 24

2 million confirmed

5 million-100 million estimate

Question 25

Species richness

Answer 25

Number of species in an area

Question 26

Species evenness

Answer 26

Proportion of species to area

Question 27

Microevolution

Answer 27

Below species level

Question 28

Macroevolution

Answer 28

Creates new species, phyla, etc.

Question 29

Speciation

Answer 29

The creation of new species

Question 30

Random process of evolution

Answer 30

Mutation Genetic drift bottle neck founder

Question 31

Darwin points of natural selection

Answer 31

``` Excess of offspring Not all can live Differ in traits Traits passed on Different traits=different abilities ```

Question 32

Allopatric

Answer 32

Geographic isolation

Question 33

Sympatric

Answer 33

Not isolated

Question 34

Genetic variation and evolution

Answer 34

high variation= quick natural selection

Question 35

pop size and evolution

Answer 35

small pop=quick

Question 36

generation time and evolution

Answer 36

early sex= quick evolution

Question 37

range of tolerance

Answer 37

limit of abiotic conditions

Question 38

Realized niche

Answer 38

actually lives

Question 39

fundamental niche

Answer 39

able to live

Question 40

Mass extinction

Answer 40

large amt of species killed in short time

Question 41

Coriolis effect

Answer 41

deflection of objects due to earth's rotation

Question 42

Tundra

Answer 42

Cold and treeless | Little precipitation and vegetation

Question 43

Boreal Forest

Answer 43

``` Taiga Coniferous (cone trees) 50-60 North Cold+low precipitation= slow decomposition Nutrient poor soil ```

Question 44

Temperate rainforest

Answer 44

``` Moderate temperature High precipitation West coast of North America Mild summer + winter 12 month growing season ```

Question 45

Temperate seasonal forest

Answer 45

East US, Japan, China, Europe, Chile, Australia Warm summer; cold winter Rapid decomposition High soil fertility

Question 46

Woodland/Shrubland

Answer 46

Hot and dry chaparral fire and drought California

Question 47

Temperate grassland

Answer 47

cold dessert parries non woody plants cold winter; dry summer

Question 48

Tropical Rainforest

Answer 48

20 N+S warm and wet constant precipitation high productivity and ecomposition

Question 49

Tropical Rainforest

Answer 49

20 N+S warm and wet constant precipitation high productivity and ecomposition

Question 50

Tropical Seasonal forest

Answer 50

Savanna warm low precipitation

Question 51

Subtropical dessert

Answer 51

30 N+S Hot dessert (stereotypical dessert) Little rain and vegetation

Question 52

Streams and Rivers

Answer 52

Small amt of fresh water rapid provide food for fish

Question 53

Lake and pond

Answer 53

Litoral zone-shallow area of soil and water near shore Limnetic- open water; sunlight; Profundal- no sunlight; no producers Benthic- muddy bottom

Question 54

Freshwater wetlands

Answer 54

Submerged in water Most productive swamp, marsh, bog

Question 55

Salt Marshes

Answer 55

temperate climate | nonwoody vegetation

Question 56

Mangrove Swamps

Answer 56

Tree root submerged in water | salt tolerant

Question 57

Intertidal Zone

Answer 57

Narrow area between high tide and low tide

Question 58

Cora Reef

Answer 58

Most diverse | Warm, shallow water

Question 59

Open ocean

Answer 59

Photic- top layer, sunlight, photosynthesis Aphotic- little sunlight Benthic