Chapter 4, 5, 6 Flashcards
1
Q
Which social media site do young adults get most of their news?
A
2
Q
Which news mediums today are growing and which are declining in regards to public interest?
A
Internet and social media is growing. TV and newspaper are declining
3
Q
Do you think that news is focusing too much on pop culture and entertainment? Why?
A
Not yet but they are moving towards it. Justin Beiber scandal top story with rape case going on at same time somewhere else
4
Q
Do viewers prefer enticing news personalities over enticing stories?
A
Based on demographics, younger generation yes
5
Q
Based on this news panels discussions, how will news programming evolve in coming years?
A
Social media interaction, @ symbol with reporters names
6
Q
What website was launched by ESPN that has spearheaded the development for live online streaming of sporting events?
A
ESPN3.com
7
Q
Technically, what was the first broadcast, even though it wasn’t on radio or television?
A
1911, mechanical reproduction Kansas vs. Missouri
8
Q
What year was Chris Berman hired by ESPN?
A
1989
9
Q
Who was announcer for “Miracle on Ice”?
A
Al Michaels
10
Q
New innovations in sports television
A
Drones as cameras, lines on the field, live streaming
11
Q
Studies have shown that television shows no benefit to children under what age?
A
2
12
Q
What is one of the qualities of superheroes that leads to gender role controversy?
A
Women wear less clothing and have supporting roles
13
Q
Whats an example of a cartoon with a strong female character?
A
Kim Possible
14
Q
Whats’ one of the reasons Sesame Street is so widely acclaimed as an educational program?
A
10.5 min of advertisements per hour during the week 12 minutes per hour during weekend
3 hours educational programming per week
Program in the publics interest
15
Q
What is a main public affairs and talk programming program?
A
C-SPAN
16
Q
Is it FCC regulated?
A
There are too many stations for them to worry about regulating
17
Q
Example of Elon public affairs and talk programming
A
ELN Election Show
18
Q
What time do public affairs and talk programming normally air?
A
Late at night, or early morning (3AM) not primetime
19
Q
What is the highest priced show in TV history for a 30 minute series?
A
Friends
20
Q
What trends and themes do you see in the future of television?
A
More fantasy and sci/fi shows
21
Q
What was the network that folded in 1959
A
Dumont Television Network
22
Q
What is the difference between first-run syndication and off-run syndication
A
1st run: Program that is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show and is made specifically to sell into syndication (Oprah Winfrey Show)
Off-Run: Liscensing that was run for network television (Modern Family, Friends)
23
Q
How many epsiodes must a show have before it is syndicated
A
100
24
Q
Number of commercial AM stations
A
4790
25
Number of AM and FM stations in the US
14503
26
Leading radio format by share audience 2009
News/talk/information
27
Average number of radio stations available in most US markets
25
28
Top radio market in US by revenue
Los Angeles
29
What are the three C's of radio
Competition, Consolidation, Control
30
What do the three C's of radio mean?
Competition: Radio has alot of competitors for listeners with TV MP3 DVD etc
Consolidation: Combo of companies, developed into narrower researched radio formats
Control: More control of programming, promotions, marketing of stations, more corporate control
31
Which type of radio format has the most stations?
Country (Then news, spanish, sports)
32
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Group owners can consolidate stations
| Single radio group can own multiple stations within a market
33
Supergroup
```
Huge radio groups
Clear Channel Communications is the largest one
2-Cumulus
3-Citadel
4-CBS Radio
5-Entercom
```
34
Duopoly
In market control of radio listening and revenue by a few large group owners
35
Lease Management Agreement (LMA)
FCC lets one company to manage assets of another in same market without being in violation of ownership rules
36
What is the trend of today's radio
Programming that caters to narrow market segment
37
What are the two key components of narrow market focusing?
Target audience and format
38
Why did the “mom-and pop radio stations disappear?
Consolidation happened between companies
| Didn't have funding to keep up
39
What is a media buyer?
Takes purchasing negotiating time and ad space for purpose of advertising
40
What is the function of Nielson Audio?
Collect consumer data on radio broadcasters.
| Helps companies focus on target audience
41
What is AC format
Adult Contemporary
| Lite hits to mix FM
42
What is the Jack FM format?
"We play what we want"
| iPod shuffle, deep playlists
43
What makes a station Corporation for Publish Broadcasting qualified?
Station of 5 or more full-time members
Broadcast at least 18 hours per day
Operate at 250 watts AM and 100 watts FM
44
What does economies of scale mean?
Company with more stations should see lower cost per unit of output than company with fewer stations
45
Three types of non-commercial radio stations
Community
College
Public
46
What are the major departments of most radio stations?
Operations
Sales
Engineering
Programming
47
What are the three types of promotions used by radio stations?
Events, live remotes, contests
48
What are community stations?
Stations licensed to civic groups, non profit foundations, religious orgs
Provides coverage of local issues and talk shows
49
Whats the critera for an Low Power FM radio station?
Minimum of 36 hours per week and has to be noncommercial
50
What are the pros and cons of privately owned stations
Pros: Doesn't require taxpayer spending
Wide range of things to listen to
Cons: Have to listen to advertisers
51
What are the pros and cons of government owned stations
Pros: Less opinionated and more about facts, non commercial
Cons: Taxpayer funded
52
What are the pros and cons of low power owned stations
Pros: Doesnt take up large amounts of bandwidth, noncommercial
Cons: Small area where you can listen
53
What is the most popular format of Hispanic in the Southwest and large urban centers
Mexican Regional
54
Percentage of Homes that have a DVD player
88
55
Number of TV networks (1975)
3
56
Number of TV networks (2010)
7
57
Percent of homes that have at least one TV
98%
58
Average amount of tv american home watches per week
31.5 per week
59
Number of stations across the nation
1750 total
| 380 non commercial
60
How do local TV station make their money?
Ads in their community and region
61
How does network TV make their money?
Selling ads for the programs that they distribute to their affiliates
62
What year was Fox launched
1986
63
What merged to make the CW
UPN and WB (C is CBS W is Warner Brothers)
64
O and O station
Most profitable of tv stations
Owned by the newtwork
WNBC in New York
65
What is an affiliate?
Stations that are associated with one of the networks
Receive programming from them
Not as profitable as owned and operated
66
What are some of the major owners of affiliate stations?
Gannett
Hearst-Argyle
Cox Broadcasting
67
How do independent stations function?
Develop programming for entire broadcast schedule
Do all of their promotion
Hard to be profitable without a niche or nice news coverage
68
Low power TV
LPTV: low power outlets that rebroadcast TV signals from other stations or make their own programming
Class A: Fall under Community Broadcast Protection Act, have to provide 3 hours of locally produced programming for a week
TV translators: Rebroadcast full service station usually topeople who didn't get original signal
69
Who is the largest owner of TV stations?
CBS (27 stations, 35.65% of household
2-Ion Media Networks
3-Fox
70
What year was PBS founded
1970
71
How many PBS stations are there
348 member stations
72
What do people rely on public television for?
News and children's programming
73
How much do people pledge to public television
500 million dollars, 55% of revenue
74
What are the 4 biggest cable/satellite operators
Comcast
DirectTV
Dish
Time Warner
75
How much does cable make in revenue today?
89 billion per year
76
How much can average cable user see in terms of channels?
Over 80 channels
77
What is the difference between must-carry and re transmission consent?
Must-Carry: Required to air local stations schedule
| Retransmission Consent: Required to negotiate some form of compensation from cable system in return for getting carried
78
Top 2 ad-supported cable networks?
USA and TNT
79
How many people pay for HBO
28 million households
80
What is the selling feature of pay services
Get original programming not available on broadcast
Commercial free movies
Rare local sports
81
What is tiering?
Different levels of cable networks you can subscribe to at different rates
82
What is cable systems basic penetration?
% of homes that have a basic cable package
83
What is the homes passed statistic?
Number of homes that have the ability to receive a cable package
84
What is a pay household?
House that uses pay services for things like HBO etc. Pay for premium cable
85
What is a multi-pay household?
House that subscribes to multiple pay services
86
What is pay-per-view
You order a program through the cable box
87
What is addressable converter
Device that cable company uses to read signals on who orders pay-per-view
88
What is multi event pay-per-view
Hope to get people to purchase multiple things. Impulse pay per view
89
Multi System Operator
Cable company that operates in more than one market ( Comcast is on east coast, midwest)
90
Single System Operator
Cable company that operates in one market (East Coast)
91
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBT)
Satellite television, tends to be priced less than cable, can bring local channels to people
92
Traffic
In sales department of TV station.
| Schedule commercials and verify that the commercials are aired properly
93
What is a make-good
Free commercial at same time as commercial that didn't air
94
What is engineering department do in tv station?
Make sure you broadcast on right signal
| Maintenance of equipment
95
What does the programming department do?
Runs PSA's, promotions
| Decide what shows go on air, schedule and purchase programming
96
What does a marketing manager do?
Sales function includes recruiting and retaining subscribers
97
What is local origination producer?
In charge of local programming and community affairs
98
Video News Release
Recorded video message from companies sent to Tv stations or online outlets in hopes that it will be shown to the public
99
Number of internet users worldwide
1,800,000,000
100
Most popular web site worldwide
Google
101
Number of Americans with broadband Web access
210,000,000
102
Number of iPods sold since 2001
220,000,000
103
Number of YouTube videos streamed per month
5,000,000,000
104
Percent of Americans who cite Internet as main news source
40
105
What is the internet?
Global system of interconnected computers
Network that carriers messages
Operating procedures for all computers to communicate
106
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
breaks a message into smaller packets and recombines them at message's destination
HTTP Protocol for sending an HTML file
107
Internet Protocol (IP)
Puts an address on each packet and makes sure packets get to their destination
108
Uniform resource locator (URL)
Locates a specific destination on the Internet
109
Who developed the World Wide Web and in what year?
Tim Berners Lee early 1990s
110
HTML what does it stand for and mean
Hypertext Markup Language
Tool used to create web pages
Allows creation of hypertext links between documents
111
What is a browser?
Programs used to access the web
Allow usesrs to communicate with various Web sites anywhere in world.
Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari
112
What is a plug-in?
Software programs that expand abilities of browsers
Used to play sound or video clips, decompress files, process images
Flash Player, Quicktime, Java
113
What happened in 1969 that developed internet?
US Military created ARPAnet to link contractors and researchers
114
What does ARPAnet stand for?
Advanced Research Projects Agency network
115
What happened in 1983 that publicized the internet?
National Science Foundation took over ARPAnet and attracted users
116
Who created the first email program and when?
Ray Tomlinson, 1972
117
What does the @ sign do in email?
Combines personal user name to host computer system
118
Who did Tomlinson work for?
ARPAnet
119
How has the internet changed the music industry?
File-sharing programs
Itunes and iPod
CD sales drop, digital downloads increase
Easier to download pirated things
120
How has internet affected the news?
Social media becomes part of news reporting landscape
| More reliance on "citizen reporters"
121
How has audio and video emerged on web?
Better technology to increase download speeds and popularity
| Podcasting: distributing audio filed that cna be downloaded for later
122
What is streaming?
Instead of downloading a file you can use Web browser to view or listen to file live
123
What are the four types of online radio stations?
Online stations affiliated with broadcast station
Aggregators
Choice-based sites
Format-specific, Internet-only stations
124
What is an aggregator radio station?
Provides access to large number of radio stations
| AOL Internet Radio Service
125
What is a choice-based site?
Listeners can program their own stations
| Pandora
126
What is a format-specific, Internet-only station?
Focused on specific genres of music
| Weirdsville.com
127
How does online radio make their money?
Selling ad space
User subscription fees
Direct Selling
128
What is a commercial video site
Hulu, CBS.com
129
Video-sharing sites
YouTube, Vimeo
130
Corporate video sites
Serves particular needs of the company including training, sales and marketing, PR
131
Micro casting sites
Transmits message to a small group of peopel: via webcams and broadband internet
132
Top 3 Video Streaming Sites
YouTube
Hulu
Yahoo! Video
133
Top 5 Internet Sites
```
Google
Facebook
YouTube
Yahoo
Baidu
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